Bless Me Ultima Def

Lopez 1 Tiffani Lopez Ms. Carlos Period 4 March 4, 2013 DEF Term: Pathos Definition: the quality or power in an actual life experience or in literature, music, speech, or other forms of expression, of evoking a feeling of pity or compassion. (http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/pathos? s=t) Example: In Chapter 6 of Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me Ultima, Anaya uses pathos, â€Å"For the first time I would be away from the protection of my mother (Anaya51). Function: The pathos used on the above example is significant because it explains the amount of love and attachment Antonio has towards his mother, Maria. Related article: Arguments Made in Take the Tortillas Out of Your PoetryIt shows how she big of an impact she is in his life. It also portrays the typical relationship between son and mother. In which, the mother is playing the protective, nurturing guardian. While her offspring –son (in this case) – is naive to the â€Å"real world. † In the text where it states that this would be the first time Antonio would be leaving his mother, can be compared to the baby bird leaving the nest. The character of Maria could relate to the nest and the baby bird to Antonio. The nest representing protection and security, and the baby bird represents fear and shyness. This Lopez 2Comparison foreshadows how naive and timid Antonio becomes in the absence of his mother at school. This pathos sets up a mood of compassion. The mood is compassion because Antonio’s fear and angst is understandable. The author is arguing that Antonio wants mature and become a man, but is fearful b ecause this is something completely new to him. The overall tone of this example of pathos is worried. The tone is this because you can sense Antonio’s worry for himself without his mother. The point of the pathos was to bring attention the importance of a maternal figure in Antonio’s life.The overall theme communicated by using this pathos is that life is a learning experience; learning something new, you learn scared. Plath’s point was to evoke concern whether Antonio will â€Å"survive† school. The pathos relates to the entire chapter 6 because throughout the chapter Antonio admits to wishing for his mother’s presence because he is lonely, but expected to become a man. Works Cited â€Å"Pathos. † Dictionary. com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 03 Mar. 2013. . Anaya, Rudolfo A. Bless Me, Ultima. New York: Warner Books, 1994. Print.

Fixation and Fixatives

ALCIAN BLUE RATIONALE FOR USE Alcian blue is a water soluble, amphoteric copper phthalocyanine, which is most often used as a basic dye. In general, alcian blue has an affinity for sulfated and carboxylated groups of acid mucopolysaccharides, but the specific group demonstrated is dependent on the dye solution pH. RECOMMENDED FIXATIVES 10% neutral buffered formalin and Bouin’s fixative. AVOID Chromate Fixatives MODE OF ACTION (1, 2, 3) Alcian blue binds electrostatically with the acidic groups in the mucopolysaccharide molecule.The components to be demonstrated are intensely stained if the dyer solution is used at the specific pH at which the reactive groups are fully ionized. To achieve full ionization of the reactive groups, some alcian blue methods begin with a rinsing of sections in the appropriate pH solution prior to staining with the dye solution. In general, strongly sulfated mucins react more consistently at low pH levels. Above a pH of 1. 0 their reactions are variab le. At a pH of 0. 2 only strongly sulfated mucosubstances will be demonstrated, while weak sulfated mucins stain well between a pH of 1. 0 – 2. 5, and often below 1. . Carboxylated mucins react with alcian blue at pH 2. 5. Alcian blue produces an intense greenish-blue or teal coloration. To ensure this colour is not lost during subsequent chemical and dye treatments, such as those found in the Alcian Blue-Verhoeff’s van Gieson procedure and Movat’s Pentachrome, alcian blue is converted to an insoluble pigment. By exposing alcian blue stained sections to a pre-heated 80Â °C alkaline alcohol solution, alcian blue is converted to the insoluble pigment, monastral fast blue. Further exposure of the sections to various decolorizers and dyes, fails to change the alcian blue intensity.QUALITY CONTROL AND CONTROL MATERIALS 1. Appropriate control tissues include colon and small intestine. If lung sections contain bronchi with mucous glands, are used as a control, the tec h should be aware that cartilage matrix will also stain at approximately pH 2. 5. 2. To avoid coloration of hyaluronic acid found in connective tissue matrix or amorphous ground substance, the tissue section can first be treated with a solution of testicular streptococcal hyaluronidase before staining with alcian blue. Testicular hyaluronidase requires only 2 hours of incubation versus 24 hours with streptococcal hyaluronidase. . Alcian blue powder solubility may decrease after storage of more than three years, but good staining results have been reported with dye lots older than three years (4). 4. The dye solution pH is critical to ensure demonstration of specific chemical groups. pH 0. 2 -only strongly sulfated mucins demonstrated pH1. 0 -strongly and weakly sulfated mucins pH 2. 5 -carboxylated and weakly sulfated mucins 5. To ensure the quality of staining at the appropriate pH, the section may be rinsed in the solvent solution prior to staining in the dye, i. e. , rinsing in p H 2. , 3% aqueous acetic acid solution prior to placing the sections in the pH 2. 5 alcian blue solution, which is prepared by combining alcian blue dye powder in a 3% aqueous acetic acid solution. 6. Some procedures indicate it is important to avoid rinsing the stained slides in water after treatment in alcian blue dye. Blotting the slides dry after staining is recommended. 7. It is important to avoid celloidinization of tissue sections because alcian blue has a strong affinity for celloidin. 8. A white haze may appear on the back of the glass slide after staining with nuclear fast red and contact with the air.Moistening a kimwipe or facial tissue with saliva and rubbing the back of the glass will remove the haze. Follow this with cleaning of the glass using a kimwipe moistened with 100% ethanol to remove the saliva. 9. Cut paraffin sections at 4-6 microns. REFERENCES 1. Bancroft J. D. and Stevens A. : Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, 2nd edition. Churchhill Livingst one, 1982. 2. Kiernan J. A. : Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and Practice, Pergamon Press, 1981. 3. Sheehan D. C. and Hrapchak B. B. : Theory and Practice of Histotechnology, 2nd edition, C.V. Mosby Co. , 1980. 4. Shrenk E. : Note from the Biological Stain Commission-a newly certified dye-Alcian blue 8GX. Stain. Tech. 56(3), 129, 1981. ALCIAN BLUE pH 2. 5 SOLUTIONS a. 1% Alcian Blue Solution – pH 2. 5 Alcian Blue 8GX (C. I. 74240)1gm 3% Glacial acetic acid100ml (3 ml. glacial acetic acid to 97 ml. distilled water) Add a crystal of thymol to prevent mold growth. The solution can be filtered and reused. b. Nuclear Fast Red (Kernechtrot) Solution (pg. 19) PROCEDURES (1, 2) 1. Deparaffinize and hydrate slides to distilled water. (See Note 1) 2.Stain in alcian blue solution for 30 minutes. Filter solution back for reuse. (See Note 2) 3. Wash for 2 minutes in running tap water. 4. Rinse in distilled water. 5. Counterstain in nuclear fast red for 3 to 5 minutes. Quic kly transfer slides to distilled water. Filter solution back for reuse. 6. Rinse slides in distilled water. 7. Dehydrate, clear, and mount. If a cloudy haze appears on the side refer to quality control information, #8. COLOR RESULTS Carboxylated and weakly sulfated acid mucins – light blue to medium greenish blue Nuclei-reddish pink.NOTE 1. After step 1, the slides may be placed in a pH 2. 5, 3% aqueous acetic solution for 1 minute, then proceed to step 2. 2. After step 2, the slides can be blotted dry, instead of rinsing in running tap water and distilled water. Continue the procedure with step 5. REFERENCES 1. Lev R. and Spicer S. S. : Specific staining of sulphate groups, with Alcian blue at low pH. J. Histochem. Cytochem. , 12:309, 1964. 2. Sheenhan D. C. and Hrapchak B. B. : Theory and Practice of Histotechnology, 2nd edition. C. V. Mosby Co. , 1980

Positive contributions of the Aged to the community

Group you have studied describe the positive contributions that the group makes to the wider community The Aged make various positive contributions to the community, many which go unseen. Although the Aged are perceived to be a burden to society due to the image in which society depicts, their contribution to benefiting those around them is unending. The Australia bureau of statistics defines the Aged as those who are 65 years and older.As this stage in the lifespan is usually associated with retirement and spare time the elderly find themselves giving back to he community through educating younger generations, participating in volunteer work and providing informal services by assisting in caring for young family. The Aged have much to contribute to the community as they have a wealth of experience and are able to pass on education to the younger generations. In doing so, they are positively influencing society and guiding them to be better people and to live their life to the fulles t.As young people aren't aware of the consequences of some of their actions, the Aged can contribute their knowledge on this aspect of their lives, which minimizes the risks that younger generations are faced with, and In turn prepares them for their future. Many elderly people also devote their time and knowledge to younger generations by being guest speakers at organizations and schools through sharing their experiences, knowledge and skills. This positively Influences and educates the community which leads to not only an Improved relationship between the Aged and society, but also provides guidance and support to younger people.One of the greatest resources that they provide the community with Is their time. Many Aged people devote their time to society by continuing to work, which contributes to the economic growth, or by participating In volunteer work. Once the Aged retire they find themselves feeling lonely and Isolate from society. In order to overcome this many turn to cont ributing to the community by doing volunteer work. Volunteer work has become Increasingly popular amongst the Aged as It provides the elderly with social Interaction with employees, and also those In the community.A study from the Australian Bureau of Statistics found that In 1997 older people spent round 30% of their working hours on unpaid volunteer work. The Aged also contribute to the community by participating In fund raising. Even though the Aged are usually characterized with qualities such as deteriorating health and Increased body aches they still manage to give up their time to the community and contribute to the economic growth. The Aged provide an Informal service by assisting with care for grandchildren and other young people. In today's society women are Increasingly focusing more on their careers Instead of child bearing.As this means that but others and fathers are spending more of their time on work, It proves to be very helpful to have the Aged to care for their ch ildren. This not only benefits the community but also allows the elderly people to collapse with their grandchildren and/or family. Positive contributions of the Aged to the community By Kristin minimizes the risks that younger generations are faced with, and in turn prepares sharing their experiences, knowledge and skills. This positively influences and educates the community which leads to not only an improved relationship betweenOne of the greatest resources that they provide the community with is their time. Contributes to the economic growth, or by participating in volunteer work. Once the Aged retire they find themselves feeling lonely and isolate from society. In order to Volunteer work has become increasingly popular amongst the Aged as it provides the elderly with social interaction with employees, and also those in the community. A study from the Australian Bureau of Statistics found that in 1997 older people spent contribute to the community by participating in fund raisi ng.Even though the Aged are usually characterized with qualities such as deteriorating health and increased to the economic growth. The Aged provide an informal service by assisting with care for grandchildren and other young people. In today's society women are increasingly focusing more on their careers instead of child bearing. As this means that but mothers and fathers are spending more of their time on work, it proves to be very community but also allows the elderly people to socialist with their grandchildren

Construction Safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Construction Safety - Research Paper Example The management may be prompted to continue with the construction under the prevailing conditions reason being that they are behind schedule, in order to avert the possibility of incurring losses. However, as the safety director, it would be essential to ensure that all regulations stipulated by OSHA are followed to the letter before any more progress on the construction can be made. This is due to the fact that the company would stand to lose a lot of revenue in the case of accidents occurring due to negligence. In such an occurrence, the company may be faced by numerous claims for compensation of victims or even risk the possibility of being denied the license to operate due to its poor profile in ensuring safety in the work place (Hinze, 2003). Once the scaffoldings are set to standard, it would be suggested that the company hires an extra work force to compensate for the lost time so as to finish the project on time. By so doing, the reputation of the company as well as its employ ee’s welfare would be protected, thereby ensuring that it stays in

PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITIONS IN MANAGAMENT RESEARCH Assignment - 1

PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITIONS IN MANAGAMENT RESEARCH - Assignment Example In this current essay, the researcher has tried to critically appraise the theories with the view of â€Å"Free Will†. It is a philosophical concept that refers to the capability of the economic agent to select a particular option among various alternatives (Free Will, 2014). Most of the philosopher has supported that, the notion of â€Å"free will† is strongly related with the ethical sense of the economic agents and the firm. The term free will refers to the power of the rational agent to select best alternative one from the sort of several options. Various constraints that included in the subject matter of free will concept, includes physical constraints, metaphysical constraint, social constraint and mental constraint. The principle of free will provides implication in various segments, such as ethical, religious, legal and scientific (Williamson, 1998). For example, in science, free will suggests different ways to predict human behaviour. Further, in religious realm; it implies choice of individual action that can increase moral obligation or certain injection to a man and so on. Most of the philosopher suggested that â€Å"free will is strongly linked with ethical obligation and responsibilities of the agents† (Plato.stanford.edu, 2014). In respect to the values of love and friendship, freewill also plays a significant role in building the root of relationships. In economic terms, a firm basically exists and state its decisions in order to make the utmost use of its resources. Firms interact with the market to determine demand and price and then allocate its resources to maximize its profits (Moyle, 1998). Consumers always try to maximize their overall utility whereas business organizer tries to maximize net profit. Thus, theories of firm always adopted and analysed in respect to the changing market and economics. The firm’s theory comprise of several economic theories

GOOGLE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GOOGLE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Essay Example But in line with this selection, a comprehensive tool vested in the use of a VIRO analysis is implemented in critically evaluating the credibility of the selected option for the company. The VIRO analysis will be simplified in a manner that takes four major independent variables, which are tested against four other dependent variables. The independent variables are given as financial resources, human resources, material resources, and nonmaterial resources. Each of these will be tested against value, rareness, imitability, and organization in place at Google Inc. The cost Leadership Option Generally, the cost leadership option is in place to ensure that the company gains competitive advantage by taking consumers away from competitors and bringing them to the side of Google Inc. To effectively do this, there are two major approaches for the company to follow. In the first instance, there is the need to increase market share by reducing prices (Horkheimer and Theodor, 2007). This may s ound as an irony as a pair of objectives that cannot be achieved hand in hand. But from a very technical viewpoint, it is possible to both reduce prices and increase market share by using the cost leadership option (Lessig, 2009). ... This is because it has already been established that when there is increase in revenue, there must be a corresponding reduction in expenditure to make profitability possible. Meanwhile, the cost of production accounts for one of the highest sources of expenditure for most companies, of which Google Inc. is not exception (Barthes, 2008). Since 2004, Google’s cost of production has been said to be going up steadily especially as the company started engaging in a number of divestitures that are aimed at increasing the revenue pool of the company. To effectively use the cost leadership option, the company must be prepared to focus attention on the need to reduce most of its identified cost, especially internal costs that bring about cost sharing situations (Althusser, 2011). This way, it will be possible to produce goods and services at a much reduced cost, which will ensure that even if prices are charged at all-time low, market share will not be affected. Using VIRO Analysis to analyze the Cost Leadership Option Having identified the cost leadership option as the most viable option for Google, this section of the paper uses the VIRO analysis to critically break the option down into four major business constituents of Google Inc. these four constituents are financial resources, material resources, nonmaterial resources and human resources. Each of these four constituents shall be analysed using the four acronyms of VIRO, which are value, imitation, rareness and organisation. Financial Resources As far as the value of Google’s financial resources are concerned, one major question is posed. This is the question of how expensive the financial resource is (Gramsci, 2007). It would be established that Google is one of the most fortunate global IT companies that has a

Construction Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Construction Project Management - Essay Example A risk specialist for some critical projects will also do risk assessment. At this stage, the project manager will prepare a plan of project handover from the requirements in the technical advisory group. At this stage, the development of design is complete and the output is documented and structured as specifications and drawings to procure construction resources, equipment and materials to begin the construction process. These contemplations will have to take into consideration the comparison of costs, the requirements of time and the connection to the acute route and possibilities of replacement with regard to various construction systems (Uher & Loosemore, 2014, p.67). At this point, the understanding of the procedures that will be done to construct the buildings, there should be a breakdown of the phases into actions and an assessment of how to conduct the procedures (Stallworthy & Kharbanda, 2012, p.82). The construction site will comprise of HGV access and a car park, related drainage, hard standings, sprinkler tank with an out building, soft landscaping, cooler systems and sections for preparing bakery and meat. The targets include site security within the perimeters of the residential houses, ensuring that repair is done punctually to avoid further problems from taking place in cases of vandalism. There will also be access of car wash within the packing areas. This will reduce the HGV’s need of negotiating with other smaller roads. The targets include developing a related traffic and construction plan of management, identification of sensitive areas such as homes and schools, development of a map that indicates the trunk roads delivery drivers course to the site (Srikantaiah, Koenig & AL-Hawamdeh, 2012, p.176). Other targets includes prevention of cars from queuing outside the residential areas by putting procedures in place, informing the

Reading analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading analysis - Assignment Example It is, though, probably accurate to say that social pressure plays a huge role in determining how both women and men form their personal values. Societal pressure is an experience that all members of a society are openly exposed to and have to contend with, particularly in childhood and teenage years. However, the question remains, ‘How can this influence of society on young people’s values be measured or quantified?’ The fact is that this is almost impossible to accomplish. According to Gulla, â€Å"one can only use his or her own experience in terms of how much what society demands has contributed to the formation of personal values or the testimonies of others to determine if societal pressure can affect personal beliefs† (76). Parental influence is also likely play a huge role in determining personal beliefs. The fact that young people often behave in similar ways to their parents is another obvious observable fact in almost every culture in the world. Still, the influence of an individual’s personality becomes evident when the individual becomes independent and moves away from the parents. People will often adopt different interests from those encouraged by society or even their families once they are outside the control of their parents. This means that it is individual personality that mostly influences the value systems of people. According to Lewis, â€Å"it would appear that the influence of social or peer pressure as well as parental beliefs is only temporary for well-developed people† (Lewis, 301). At younger ages, the individual may not have the mental capacity to bear the consequences of refusing to adopt the preferred values as determined by society as well as parents. However, with adulthood comes maturity as well as the freedom to be able to make personal decisions and support them in spite of opposition. Once an adult begins making personal decisions that have nothing to do

5 Business Projects Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

5 Business Projects - Term Paper Example The plaintiff upon receiving the note from the defendant did not send back any response but commenced work the next day by buying lumber necessary for completion of the defendants work. A second note was sent by the defendants countermanding the first note but was not forwarded before the plaintiff started work. The lower court decided that it was the plaintiff’s duty to go down to the defendants premises and commence work as a sign of acceptance and that the plaintiff was not obliged to expressly accept the offer by making either a written or verbal communication to the defendant and that his action to buy lumber for the work would suffice as an acceptance. The defendants were seeking an appeal on this ruling arguing that the plaintiff was obliged to communicate his acceptance before commencing work. They also argued that the note instructing the plaintiff to start work was a proposition rather than an agreement and that it should have been accepted by the plaintiff before either party could be bound by a contract. The appellate court ruled in favour of the defendant on the basis that any offer has to be accepted by an appropriate act. The plaintiff had to communicate to the defendant in a reasonable manner. According to the court, a mental determination which has not been spoken or an outright act to the other party should not be taken as acceptance binding the parties to a contract. Purchasing lumber was a normal routine by the plaintiff and did not communicate to the defendant of his acceptance thus such an act should not by itself be taken as an indication of acceptance. Plaintiff Parker, also well known as Shirley MacLaine Parker, contracted with the defendant, Twentieth Century Fox, to play the female lead in Fox’s planned musical motion picture â€Å"Bloomer Girl.† which would have fetched the plaintiff a total of $750,000. The defendant repudiated the contract before the commencement of the filming and decided not to go on with the filming

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Matters or issues concerning dark energy are normally speculative in nature. The evidence for the existence of the dark energy arises from three major independent sources. Therefore, these sources lead us to our three major hypotheses on dark energy: distance measurements through the red shift, explains the universe has expanded during its last half life; the theoretical requirements for extra energy type that is not matter and dark matter, to form the observationally flat universe; and it can be identified through the large scale measurement of wave patterns with mass density. Dark energy is believed to be homogeneous and not very dense; it interacts with other universal forces; apart for gravitational force. These theories hypothesize formation of galaxies or cluster of galaxies; Cold Dark Matter aspect of cosmology describes that clustering and also merging processes enables galaxies to gain mass and determine shape and structure. One theory explains the ‘top down’ galaxies formation aspect. The disk galaxies are created through monolithic collapse of the large gas cloud. In the process of cloud collapse; gas settles in a highly rotating disk. This explanation is very simple; but no longer accepted (Schechner 297). The bottom up galaxy formation theory demonstrates that galaxies are formed through coalescing involving smaller progenitors; smaller particles merge and form larger or big particles. The dark matter halos cluster during the bottom up process. The age of the Earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years. This age was approximated using radiometric system of dating; using meteorite materials. There is a hypothesis that accretion of the Earth soon started after formation of calcium-aluminum rich materials and meteorites. However; simpler explanations can indicate that the age of the Earth is millions

How Does the Film “the Breakfast Club” (1985) Perpetuate Teen Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

How Does the Film â€Å"the Breakfast Club† (1985) Perpetuate Teen Stereotypes Essay â€Å"The Breakfast Club† shows the typical stereotypes of before, specially the 80s. The snob girl that thinks she shouldn’t be there, the popular sports boy, the rebel that is not understood, the nerd that doesn’t want to be in trouble, the outcast that is ignored, and the teacher that thinks to highly of themselves and thinks that teenager equals problem. In the 80s â€Å"The Breakfast Club† became really popular. This could be because the teenagers that saw it found themselves identified with the characters. It also made adults and teenagers see from the outside what was happening, and that stereotypes did exist. Nowadays these stereotypes still exist in a way, but not as marked as before. Now teenagers could communicate with other people from different groups, not like in the film, were the â€Å"popular† girl doesn’t think the rebel, nerd or outcast should be with her there. She thinks to highly of herself. Internet has also helped people not label others as much. Now people sometimes meet though internet, and this makes the first impression useless in what it refers to appearance. Teenagers get to know each other more, so they don’t fall for the stereotypical appearance of others. I find that what has also changed between the 80s and now, is that studies have become more important. It is true that we still think a lot about our appearance, clothes, etc. but the society has made us more aware of the fact that without studies we maybe wouldn’t be able to go far. More information on TV has also influenced, now people are informed better on what’s happening around the world. Teenagers now know there is more apart from school and friends, and are more worried about their future and world-wide problems, than to belong to a group. We are more understanding on what is around us, we are less narrow minded. Know we know there are people the same as us, so we give more opportunities. However, are stereotypes still giving problems? Many adults stereotype teenagers as being lazy, unmotivated, and undetermined individuals. Loud, obnoxious, rebellious, out of control, and up to no good†¦ Many people in different generations sincerely believe that all teenagers are guaranteed trouble no matter where they are. I am not arguing that teenagers like that don’t exist, because there are plenty of them out there, but it is bothering that one type of teenager has been able to spoil the image of all the others. Things like long or coloured hair, black clothes, heavy make-up, ect. Create a wrong idea of the person. Things like saying that a teenager is bad just because they are trouble makers is wrong, someone could be just having fun and act serious somewhere else. People, specially teachers and parents, think that all teenagers are always ready for the battle, that they are not capable of reasoning, listening, or saying something interesting. In an external point of view, I personally find teenagers more interesting than any other group of ages. We are in the middle of children and adults, our view of the both is split into two and our exposure between them is different, this creates a wider point of view. Therefore, a different opinion. In conclusion, Stereotypes have changed throughout the years, people don’t label as much. However, it’s still there, and is still harmful.

Anna Quindlen Essay Example for Free

Anna Quindlen Essay When you think great American author, many people think of Anna Quindlen. She won many awards. They include but are not limited to a Pulitzer and two Clarion Awards. She is an older sister and a daughter, as well as a wife and mother. Anna Quindlen has published many, many literary works, including novels, children’s books, nonfiction works, columns, and new table pictorials. This woman is not only an author, but she is a role model and hero to some, having accomplished her dreams with great dignity and grace. Anna Quindlen was not always Anna Quindlen the famous author. First, she was Anna Marie Quindlen, the oldest of five children in Philadelphia, and later on, New Jersey. She has one sister and three brothers, all of which are younger than she is, her sister being the youngest of the five. When Anna was nineteen, her mother, an italian woman, died of ovarian cancer at age fourty. She uses that experience in much of her writing, such as â€Å"A Short Guide to a Happy Life.† This left her with only her father, and Irish man, as most of the characters in her books such as â€Å"Object Lessons’ are. Since she was a teenager, Anna Quindlen has been a feminist, and although her reasoning has changed quite a bit, she still remains one. Anna currently is married to a man named Gerald Krovatin and has three children. They all live in New York City. This incredible woman has written and published four best-selling novels. They are â€Å"Object Lessons,† â€Å"One True Thing,† â€Å"Black and Blue,† and â€Å"Blessings.† â€Å"Black and Blue’ was made into a movie as well as â€Å"One True Thing†. Anna also has three collection of her colums published. They consist of â€Å"Living Out Loud,† â€Å"Thinking Out Loud,† and â€Å"Loud and Clear.† She also wrote about her own personal experiences in â€Å"A Short Guide to a Happy Life, â€Å"Being Perfect,† and â€Å"Imagined London.† â€Å"Being Perfect† is a national bestseller as well as â€Å"A Short Guide to a Happy Life.† She was a columnist for the New York Times from 1981 to 1994, and 1990 was a big year for her. In that year she was given the title of the third woman in New York Times history to write a column for the Op-Ed page. In 1995 Anna became a full-time book writer and left her column and journalism. In 1992, Ms. Quindlen won a very honorable prize. In the category of Commentary, Anna Quindlen won a Pulitzer Prize. However, she did not stop there . She went on to win a Mothers At Home Media Award in 2001, and two Clarion Awards. The first, in 2001 for Best Regular Opinion Column in a magazine, and the second in 2002 for Best Opinion Column from the Association for Women in Communications. Annna has received honorary doctorates from Moravian College, Smith College, Denison University, Stevens Institute of Technology, and Mount Holyoke College. She was also give the University Medal of Excellence from Columbia. Ms. Quindlen was also a Victoria Fellow in Contemporary Issues at Rutgers, a Poynter Fellow in Journalism at Yale, and a Fellow of the Academy of Arts Sciences. These things, among others, are what set her apart from others, and she has something to show for her achievements. And so Anna Quindlen accomplished more emotionally than any other woman on Earth. She was the third woman to write a certain column for the New York Times, and a best-selling author at the same time. As a role model for women everywhere, Anna Quindlen went from being little Anna Marie Quindlen to the great woman she is now. Her words have allowed the people of the twenty-first century to make great life choices and love people for who they are. Anna is thanked and revered for as long as she is remembered, which will definetly be for years and years to come.

Occupational Health and Safety Essay

Occupational Health and Safety Essay Health and safety is mainly about providing a safe and healthy workplace to the employees. The International Labour Organisation stated a definition of Health and Safety in 1950 Occupational health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job. Health and safety is done to ensure that risks to employees safety and health are precisely being controlled. Health and safety has become an important issue nowadays (Health and Safety Executive, 2008). Bill Callaghan in 2000 stated that good health and safety is good business. Sadly, not every organisation understands that. This is an unbearable expense for them and we had seen that the numbers of accidents have increased greatly although the implementation of different laws. Furthermore, as a secondary option as stated by the HSE in 2008, health and safety at the workplace should also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are connected with the workplace environment. In order to achieve this we have to engross interactions among many focus areas, including occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, public health, safety engineering, chemistry and health physics. Weskem LLC had written in 2007 that the main issue of Occupational Safety and Health is that accidents are costing a lot to the organisations and therefore laying more importance on the implementation of a good health and safety program. When accidents happen, the employer looses on two grounds; increased medical costs and employee absences (which are being paid as sick leaves). A safe work environment is not a ridiculous expectation from low class employees. From the labourer digging a hole to the office manager to the site manager-all foresee arriving home each evening without having been injured on the job. Furthermore he added that, accidents do happen, but those can be avoided in many cases. Safety in some organisation (although rare) is given the first place and even minor injuries are unacceptable. A fatality can put pause to a project and initiate a long and complicated investigation that could hold-up a project for months. It will also create a negative publicity. Occupational health and safety also impacts upon the employment bond and outsourcing, and there is a need to guarantee that there is compliance with the regulations in force. There are numerous issues affecting the health and safety of workers, e.g. exposure to physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic hazards. In his book published in 2002, Charles D.Reesee made clear that in the fields of health and safety, there are three Es that prevail. Those are respectively: Engineering- entails awareness of safety issues when designing equipment Education- train employees in safety procedures and how to safely do their job. Enforcement- rules and policies should be firmly imposed. He further stated that there are six good reasons to prevent accidents, injuries and deaths: Destruction of human life is ethically unfair. If employers do not take initial safety measures, this entitles them to be decently accountable for those accidents. Accidents limit efficiency and productivity. Occupational accidents produce far reaching social harm. Safety techniques can easily reduce occupational accidents. There has been a lot of expansion in the legal domains in order to provide a safe and healthy workforce. In totting up, he added that without exception all industries face health and safety issues which could have adverse effects upon their workforce and workplace. The employers need to recognise that there are hazards prevailing at their workplace and therefore take all the precautions that are necessary. Employers risk a lot when they perceive that safety is no longer a priority or when they divert all the resources made available for the health and safety department elsewhere. Hazard identification, prevention and mitigation are the most important elements in reducing occupational accidents and illness. In order to make all these accessible, Charles D.Reesee proposed that there is a need to put in place an approach which combines training of the workers and their involvement, ergonomic job design, medical surveillance, competent supervisor and a corporate organisation that promotes safety. The organisation should put safety before production (i.e. at the bottom line). We had seen that nowadays, the noose is tightening, and frequent bad safety practice is now being regarded in the same way as drink-driving and high penalties are being awarded. The evolution of health and safety Concern for the protection of workers health and safety is not new; it started from the early cavemen till now to the modern workers. History has shown that the Egyptians knew the danger from gold and silver fumes. They even had their own first manual of 1st aid. Ramses in 1500 B.C. hired a physician for quarry workers. Hippocrates the father of medicine realised in 400 B.C. that stone crushers were having breathing problems. The Romans even had a goddess of safety and health named, Salus and whose picture is usually found on their coins. As we go through the middle ages, we had witnessed that the working force around the world became more and more conscious about the importance of health and safety, an e.g. in the 1700s the English chimney sweeps and their ability to cause testicular cancer was discovered. During that period also the first unions made their apparitions by trying to improve the conditions of the workers. In the 1400s some physicians made their colleagues aware that t here is a great need to avert the diseases of employment in mines (Charles D.Reesee, 2001). The Hammurabi Codex (a code of law) was carved on a black stone monument on public display in ancient Babylon in Mesopotamia and that was 1780 BC. The laws were namely: If a builder built a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that builder shall be put to death [Law 229] If it kills the son of the owner, the son of that builder shall be put to death [Law 230] If it kills a slave of the owner, then he shall pay for a slave to the owner of the house [Law 231] If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means [Law 232] (Xmo Strata, 2011). During the first part of the 1900s, compensation law was established and prior to this most employers passed the blame of accidents to their workers using the common laws which stated that: The employer was not responsible when ones injury was caused by negligence of a fellow worker. The employer was not responsible if the worker was injured due to his own negligence. The employer was not responsible if when taking the job the employee was aware of the risk that it compromised (Xmo Strata, 2011). On the other hand, Abermed limited stated on the 19th of October 2010 that in the 1900s some companies became more conscious about the importance of health and safety and did not use the common laws as a means of putting the faults on the workers. Another issue that they pointed out were that society is now responding to the rising levels of proof as to the associations between disease and certain work activities, by making employers responsible for the individual and social expenses incurred by poor workplace safety and health policies. According to them it occurred by the expansion of workers compensation and occupational health and safety regulatory programs. Those efforts were done in order to decrease occupational accidents and diseases in organisation. And it was completed in 1970 by President Richard Nixon who signed the Occupational Safety and Health Act which established a nationwide enforcement-oriented health and safety program. This legislation called for the development of increasingly severe standards to be met by all employers. Those Standards forced changes in engineering design and monitoring instrumentation were developed to assess industrial hazards. For example, air quality 15 years ago was measured by loss of visibility caused by airborne-suspended particulate materials. Now air quality is being evaluated by complicated sampling devices that measure qualitatively and quantitatively the levels of respirable-sized particles entering a workmans lungs over an eight-hour work shift. Acceptable levels of pollutants have gone from thousands of micrograms of materials per cubic centimeter of air to hundreds of micrograms per cubic meter per day (Abermed limited, 2010). From a moral and ethical standpoint, employers have the duty to grant a safe and protected atmosphere for their employees. In many contracts we have seen that nowadays they are inserting a clause that states that the employee will do their best for the company and that the company itself will do all the best possible for its workers. Then from an organisation perspective, we can see that employees are an enormous expense to the organisation. Its not just about paying salaries but about recruitment and training. All this costs a lot of money. The more the industry is skilled the greater will be the cost to the company. The important aspect is that the employers at all cost tries to retain its best and brightest employee and that implies creating a safe and healthy workplace for them (Abermed limited, 2010). This is done not only to protect the investment done into the employee, but also to ensure that the employee continues to contribute to the profits by being a productive member of the organisation. In this context, occupational health and safety can be considered as a retention tool. Another issue is that it is an effective public relations tool. Workplace accidents and incidents are not just a loss in terms of loss in lives and productivity, but also bad press. And in the litigious world that we are living in, awful press often makes very big law suits (Abermed limited, 2010). Definitions and purpose of compliance audit Audits undertaken to confirm whether a firm is following the terms of an agreement, or the rules and regulations applicable to an activity or practice prescribed by an external agency or authority (Business dictionary). However, it can further be elaborated into: A safety audit based on regulatory or other compliance. It helps to determine whether the organisation is giving a safe and healthful workplace to his employees. Compliance auditing became increasingly famous in the 20th century. Paul A. Esposito explained in 2009 that compliance audits can be defined as a comprehensive review of organisation obedience to regulatory guidelines and that there are classically two levels of compliance-type audits. The first one is a department or equipment specific inspection. A more organized compliance evaluation would engage a wall-to-wall check of regulatory conformance. He added that audit is frequently performed in reply to regulatory needs. It is almost impossible to have a workplace free from perilous conditions all of the time, for the reason that conditions and people change every time and the potential for an unsafe condition always exists. Inspections are usually done on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. Frequency depends on the nature of the control or how often surroundings, equipment or people change, plus legal requirements. A proper wall-to-wall compliance evaluation will classically include three gears: conformance, recordkeeping and training (Paul A. Esposito, 2009). Physical surveys and inspection of plants are usually wrongly called audits according to Reesee (2001) and Auditing is a basis of information that has become very useful in present business especially with the continuous changes happening in the legal environment and thus the level of compliance should always be monitored. Todays organisations face greater regulatory inspection than ever before due to the propagation of laws and regulations in figure and difficulty as well as increased regulatory supervision and audit activity. Arter (1998) settled the four universal principles of auditing: Audits demonstrate if sufficient controls are in place. Auditors must be skilled. Audits must be proficient , fact-based and performed professionally Audits must result in information that meets auditee desires and allows problems to be solved. A far more simple definition is that it is designed to spot problems and therefore provide corrective action before there is any litigation. The audit mirrors what an employee could expect if an inspector walked through the door and an effective audit processes, verifies and identifies those fundamentals that build up health and safety (Jorgensen, Ernest B, 1998). The key value of a safety audit is that it helps shift activities from reactive to proactive. The typical inspection is a reactive one-it identifies things that must be corrected. This means that non-compliance has been detected. On the contrary, a proactive approach strives to keep away the likelihood of litigation and therefore creating a safe and healthy workplace (Jorgensen, Ernest B, 1998). The contents in the audit depend on the nature of the duties of the organisation. The overall definition remains the same but the different organisations adapt it to their respective works. Ideally, it is conducted annually and should include every part of the organisation. Such duty requires substantial preparation and a team of competent auditors; therefore an annual audit may not be feasible in many situations. Its main purpose is to identify gaps and make recommendations in order to be more efficient and to make compliance activities more effective. An audit is only a snapshot in time; it is not an alternative from ongoing management involvement (Paul A. Esposito, 2009). We can further add that it provides a process to ensure that compliance continues. Susan Burch gave a broader definition in 2008: Compliance audits are based on a compliance risk assessment and are designed to detect unintentional regulatory compliance violations by employees and other company representative. Companies doing worldwide operations take on extra regulatory challenges, as they have to consider the changing regulatory environments and cultures with different business practices. Because of the elevated risk linked with non compliance, management are under amplified examination, not only from regulators, but also from clients, employees, stockholders and business partners. Thats why almost all the organisation is developing an incorporated approach to implement a regulatory compliance framework. (Susan Burch, 2008) The standard ISO 19011 stated that auditing has three main importances namely: It forms part of the PDCA cycle, i.e. the plan, do, check, act cycle. It is a basis for self assessment of capabilities to comply to requirements It is a basis for 3rd Party Certification. The use of safety audits have shown to have a positive effect on a companys loss control initiative. In reality it has been proven that companies who perform safety and health compliance audits have fewer accidents/incidents than those who do not perform audits. Moreover, Charles D.Reesee (2002) stated 9 main objectives of compliance audits: Identify the existence of hazards. Check compliance company rules and regulations. Check compliance with OSHA rules. Determine the safety and health conditions of the workplace. Determine the safe condition of equipment and machinery. Evaluate supervisor safety and health performances. Evaluate workers safety and health performance. Evaluate progress regarding safety and health issues and progress. Determine the effectiveness of new processes or procedural changes. Moreover, he added that the topics below are the most commonly used one in the conduction of an audit: Acids Fire extinguishers First aid Alarms Fire protection Power tools Atmosphere Fumes Radiation Barriers Gas cylinders Respirators Buildings Gases Safety devices Chemicals Hand tools Signs Compressed gas cylinders Horns and signals Scaffolds Confined spaces Hoses Shapers Docks House keeping PPE Dusts Ladders Storage facilities Electrical equipment Lifting Ventilation Emergency Procedures Lighting Unsafe condition Extinguishers Machines/Materials Unsafe act Fall protection Noise Warning devices Organisation should not only allow themselves to do the bare minimum but should embark into a culture of probing, challenging, innovation and best practice implementation. The total audit approach is meant to encourage openness, acceptance that auditing is positive and important. An effective audit process measures and evaluate the relationship between task, environment and worker (Bill Glass, 1993). A safety audit subjects each area of a companys safety activity to a systematic and very critical examination. Every single component is examined to verify its level of compliance. In this way strength and weaknesses are disclosed and areas of vulnerability are highlighted. It is extremely complex and time consuming. However it is a very worthwhile activity. (Charles D.Reesee, 2002) Compliance auditing poses serious dilemma to various organisations in the world according to the State of Queensland, Department of Industrial Relations (2005). Those can be summarised as follows: If the regulatory auditors do not find any violation on his regular visit that does mean that the organisation is safe because any employee or visitor can fill a case for non compliance against the organisation. If the organisation engages a third party for conducting the audit, the agency can at any point in time report the non compliance to the government and then further action can be taken if the organisation do not remedy to the violation. Although a private audit is conducted the government under special cases may the organisation to make the audit available to them. Furthermore they added that , compliance audit do not guarantee that a workplace is free from violations as on a visit an auditor cannot inspect all the procedures and risks involved at the workplace. The hazards investigated by auditors during a compliance audit are determined by the workplace environment by the side of information obtained from specific workers data, relevant injury data and industry input. Strength, weakness and appropriate solutions of onsite auditing Compliance auditing compromise mostly of onsite auditing but those has many strength and weakness. It represents the strongest aspect of an audit. During the onsite visiting, trained and experienced professionals are expected to conduct vigorous evaluation of the site and work process. The onsite auditing is a very complex and intense process for both the auditors and the personnel. It consists mainly of the following: Talk with the site manager; Site orientation tour; Review of the health and safety management systems; Records review; Interview with personnel; Field observation; Meeting with site staff; (Lawrence B. Cahill, 2005) In support of it, he added that it is always difficult to achieve a perfect audit although the entire possible measures have been put in place in order to conduct it. He goes further by adding that the most common problems encountered are: Poor time management; Inadequate sampling and verification; Poor balance between interviews, record review and interviews; disorganized records review; Poor interviewing techniques and; Poor findings communication. Walter Willborn (2000) on the other hand, proposed some solutions in order to cater for some of the gaps that have been found by Lawrence. Those are as follows: Poor time management; The auditor should develop its own agenda accordingly and review his progress against the agenda daily make adjustments accordingly. Developing an agenda well in advance helps the auditor to ensure that all topics are being covered. Inadequate sampling and verification; Before an audit the auditor should define when the field activities are to be completed. Auditors often struggle to determine the appropriate sampling size. On the other hand, he cannot take one as a sample. The auditor can spend much time in document review that he may neglect other areas which are much as important as the other fields. Not all the sampling must be statistically representative but there must be a balance within it. There should be at least three areas of non compliance before the auditor can come to the conclusion that there is a finding. Balance between the different fields is vital. Eyes are more accurate witnesses than ears (Heraclitus, 2007). This is just to say that the auditor must be able to see all the slightest detail before reaching to any conclusion. Poor balance between among records review, interviews and observations All auditors have a tendency to incline towards their activity comfort zone. For some, its record review. For others, its field observations and for a few its interviews. For this reason the auditor will spend more time in an activity and neglect the others. The auditors must keep track of the time they have to spend on one activity and then move to another area. Occupational health and safety requirements generate thousands of paper each year and this can be one area that trips the auditor. They should recognise that although document review is very important to demonstrate compliance, it is not the whole story. If too much time is spent on this area it may compromise the efficacy of the audit. There should be a method to review and below are some steps that are easy to use: Obtain all the records needed within the time limit. Records review must be your first on-site activity. Many auditable needs can be found in the documents. Dont get overwhelmed; stay organized. Start with strategic documents, such as written programs or procedures (many Occupational Safety and Health programs, such as confined space entry, actually require written procedures). Ask for quiet time as needed. Nobody wants to be watched while they are reading. While reviewing records, develop a list of requirements so as to verify later through interviews or observations (winter, 2007). Process for compliance audit The process can be clearly described through the following points developed by Aldona Cytraus: Conduct an opening meeting with the management, stake holders and representatives of the work force to state the different objectives of the audit and introduce also the members of the audit team. Follow a small tour of the work premises in order to be become familiar with the working environment. Study the laws that will be used as standard. Develop the audit techniques which include a combination of observation of processes, examination of documents and records, and interview of management, staff members and consumers. This is mainly done to gather audit evidence so as to make the audit findings more reliable as there will be different views. All the data obtained must be reviewed by the audit team in order to present the information to the management and thus determine the level of compliance. Presentation of the report to the management and other members in a closing meeting and also mentions the corrective action that needs to be undertaken. Give the complete report to the management which includes all the facts and findings and in there clear distinction should be made between statements and observations. But on the other hand Fargason James Scott from the Institute of Internal Auditors wrote in 1993 that the most important in compliance auditing is the competence of the auditors and that everything depends on that. The auditors must have a broad knowledge of the law in question. People observe the same thing but are able to make different conclusion as all those depends on the judgement on the person and thats why the findings must be repeatedly studied in order to detect any error. He also provided a simple audit process: An audit plan should be prepared from the beginning till the end (write the objectives of the audit, methodology and verification methods). Document review should be conducted to obtain all the necessary data. Physical inspection should be conducted (e.g. observation of workers, observation of processes). Conduct interviews with all levels of personnel. Once the report is being submitted the evaluation and corrective action should be undertaken. He added some conditions so that the audit can be conducted correctly and those are: The audit team must compromise of at least one qualified person which should be the leader. A report should be developed at the end so as to state the findings. The employer should go through the report immediately after its submission in order to correct any deficiencies. The two most up to date reports must be kept for documentation. Global Perspectives on Health and Safety Every year, around the world, there are 270 million occupational accidents, 160 million workers suffers from occupational diseases and 2.2 million occupational deaths. The cost to society is several billion pounds. Britain has the lowest fatal injury rate in the European Union but although those 19.5 million days were lost due to work related ill health in 1999 against 6.5 in 1998. Musculoskeletal disorders and particularly back pain are the most frequently reported work related illness (Wilf Altman, 2000). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE, 2005) places great emphasis on the requirement systems that cover inspection, monitoring and auditing as essential features of the action required by organisation to satisfy their regulatory duties. Such systems are designed to prevent any failures that lead to accidents, incidents and prosecutions. According to them, Spain has the largest rates of accident in the European countries. The National survey of working conditions conducted in 2001 in Spain stated that 59% of the workers were exposed to hazards at work, 33% were exposed to noise while 32% were exposed to chemical pollutants and about 50% of the workers maintained static postures or perform repetitive movements during a quarter of their working time. It further stated that 37% of male and 29% of the female workers consider that their work represent a risk to their health. For the men the greater amount of hazards is found in agriculture, construction, transport and communications whereas for women those are mainly found in agriculture, mineral processing and manufacturing industries. Uncomfortable postures and physical effort are the most common occupational risk for both women and men. Some 86% of male workers interviewed believe that their health is excellent, very good or good. The state of health is worse among older workers, manual workers and women and above all among women in catering. Manual workers have a worse state of health as compared to non manual and women have a worse state of health as compared to men. Factors of change Examples of impact Micro economy Expansion of small and medium enterprises. Demographic evolution Ageing of the working population, increasing female participation rates and better qualified women. Increase in immigration.

The Allegory of the Cave Essay -- Papers the republic socrates plato

The Allegory of the Cave Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is the most comprehensive and far-reaching analogy in his book, The Republic. This blanket analogy covers many of the other images Plato uses as tools through out The Republic to show why justice is good. The Allegory of the Cave, however, is not the easiest image that Plato uses. First, one must understand this analogy and all of it’s hidden intricacies, then one will be able to apply it to the other images Plato uses such as the Divided Line, or Plato’s Forms. As Plato begins his story, he describes a dark cave. Contained inside of this cave are many people who are tied up into seats, unable to move. For their entire life, these people have been tied up without even being able to rotate their heads. They have chains that bind their hands to their seats. They have never seen anything apart from the wall directly in front of them. Their entire lives have been spent watching the wall and communicating with each other about the things they see on the wall. Behind these chained people is a large fire. This fire burns bright and allows shadows to be cast onto the wall. Below this fire is a small trench where the others of the cave lie. Here they hold up puppets and objects, casting shadows onto the wall. They essentially create the reality that the chained down live in, however, those chained down do not know this. They know only of the shadows on the wall and these shadows interactions with each other. If they see the shadow of a book, they will say to one another, in their own language, â€Å"look at the book on the wall.† They will not know that it is only a shadow, an image of the real object that is held up behind them to cast the appearance of a book onto the wall. The... ... the mind. The man, as he is walking back in the cave, understands now that what he has seen is the truth. He has seen the forms of the objects he only saw shadows to before. When he is back in the cave he tries to explain to the others that there are forms of the shadows they see on the wall. These forms are what truly is, but they reject him. The journey of this man is likened to that of all philosophers educated in the forms, Plato says. The Allegory of the Cave has many applications to both Plato’s writing and life in general. It describes the education of a philosopher, as well as how others look on the philosopher after he has gained the knowledge of the Forms. It also describes what it is like to see the forms. After understanding the forms, what once were objects, real things, become merely shadows. One sees everything as it truly exists, as it’s form.

Use of Conceit in The Flea, by John Donne Essay example -- The Flea Jo

Use of Conceit in The Flea, by John Donne   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Donne, an English poet and clergyman, was one of the greatest metaphysical poets. His poetry was marked by conceits and lush imagery. The Flea is an excellent example of how he was able to establish a parallel between two very different things. In this poem, the speaker tries to seduce a young woman by comparing the consequences of their lovemaking with those of an insignificant fleabite. He uses the flea as an argument to illustrate that the physical relationship he desires is not in itself a significant event, because a similar union has already taken place within the flea. However, if we look beneath the surface level of the poem, Donne uses the presence of the flea as a comparison to the presence of a baby, thus making the sub textual plot about aborting the baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first stanza of the poem, the speaker develops similarities between the fleabite and lovemaking. The first two lines of the poem, â€Å"Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that, which thou deny’st me, is;† I interpreted to mean that the woman doesn’t deny the flea access to her body, yet she denies the advancements of the speaker. Next the speaker uses conceit to illustrate the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. â€Å"Me is sucked first, and now sucks the, An in this flea our two bloods mingled be.† The speaker uses this argument to show the woman that the same physical exchange, which t...

Man and Nature after the Fall in John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay

Man and Nature after the Fall in Paradise Lost      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Paradise Lost, the consequences of the fall and the change in relations between man and nature can best be discussed when we look at Milton's pre-fall descriptions of Eden and its inhabitants. Believing that fallen humans could never fully understand what life was like in Eden and the relationships purely innocent beings shared, Milton begins his depiction of Paradise and Adam and Eve through the fallen eyes of Satan:    So little knows Any, but God alone, to value right The good before him, but perverts best things To worse abuse, or to thir meanest use. Beneath him with new wonder now he views To all delight of human sense expos'd In narrow room Nature's whole wealth, yea more, A Heaven on Earth: for blissful Paradise Of God the Garden was, by him in the East Of Eden planted... (IV, 201-210)    Milton presents a symbolic landscape, a garden that certainly was created by a divine power. Eden is fertile, and"All Trees of noblest kind for sight, smell taste" (IV, 217) grow in abundance blooming with fruit. There are, mountains, hills, groves, a river, and other earthly delights. Adam and Eve live in this paradise and their job is to tend to the garden: "They sat them down, and after no more toil/ Of thir sweet Gard'ning labor then suffic'd" (IV, 27-28).    Although Eden works harmoniously with Adam and Eve, allowing them to partake of its abundance, it also lives and thrives on its own. Eden has a mind and is a living being, it is excessive and therefore dangerous because it has the potential to choke itself, to smother everything in its path. When Milton first describes Adam and Eve, they are one with the Garden... ...strust and breach Disloyal on the part of Man, revolt, And disobedience: on the part of Heav'n Now alienated, distance and distaste... (PL. IX, 1-9)    Works Cited and Consulted: Elledge, Scott, ed. Paradise Lost: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Sources, Criticism. New York: Norton, 1975. Fox, Robert C. "The Allegory of Sin and Death in Paradise Lost." Modern Language Quarterly 24 (1963): 354-64. Lewis, C. S. A Preface to Paradise Lost. Rpt. New York: Oxford UP, 1979. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. In John Milton: Complete Poems and Major Prose. Ed. Merritt Y. Hughes. Indianapolis: 1980. O'Keeffe, Timothy J. "An Analogue to Milton's 'Sin' and More on the Tradition." Milton Quarterly 5 (1971): 74-77. Patrick, John M. "Milton, Phineas Fletcher, Spenser, and Ovid--Sin at Hell's Gates." Notes and Queries Sept. 1956: 384-86.

National Issues in Election 2008

The five most important issues of Election 2008 (in no particular order) are:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The economy: How will the United States correct the recession and what can be done to protect Americans from a recession in the future?2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The war in Iraq: How will America extract itself from Iraq? Can America extract itself from Iraq?3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Immigration: Immigrants, primarily in the form of unskilled workers from Mexico, are arriving in the United States in unprecedented numbers. There are now over 10 million unauthorized immigrants living in the United States (Passel, 2005, pp.   4-5).   How will America address the problem of illegal immigration and the need for guest workers?4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Education: American high school students ranked 25th out of 30 nations in recent comparisons of math and science skills (Glod, 2007). Many American students graduate from high school without being able to read, and many others drop out of school alto gether. How can America fix its broken educational system?5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Energy policy: Rising oil prices have underscored America's dependency on foreign oil, raising economic concerns and concerns about security. Energy is also closely related to the environment. Can the United States find sustainable and affordable sources of environmentally friendly energy?What should be the government's role in solving these problems? The answer depends on your political perspective.The economy Political Left: America's economic problems are the result of the natural tendency of corporations to put their own interests ahead of what is best for the country. This problem can be solved if the government did a better job of regulating businesses and financial institutions.Political Right: Recessions are part of a natural cycle of economic activity, as the economy makes necessary corrections. Economic problems can be solved by encouraging investment through lower tax rates, less government i ntrusion, and the creation of new markets for goods and services. In a capitalistic economy, jobs are created by businesses, not by governments.Political Center: Some government regulation of business practices is necessary to protect American jobs and incomes. Government and private business must work together to create jobs for American workers.The War Political Left: Can't we all just get along? International disputes are best handled through diplomatic means. America should withdraw as quickly as possible from Iraq and should avoid similar conflicts with other nations in the future.Political Right: The Homeland must be defended! Backing down sends the wrong message to terrorists and to our allies. America must be strong if we are to be respected.Political Center: War is a necessary evil, but should not be a first response. America should conclude its business in Iraq as quickly as possible, and then leave. Other nations should know that America has the capacity and will to prote ct itself, but will do so only if necessary.Immigration Political Left: America is a nation of immigrants. Rejecting immigrants now is hypocritical and racist. Immigrants should have the same rights as anyone else in the country and should not live in fear of being deported.   Government should make it easier for immigrants to be documented.Political Right: The Right seems to be divided on this issue. On one hand, conservatives want the cheap labor that is provided by undocumented workers. On the other hand, conservatives fear that immigration is changing the culture and – let's be honest – the complexion of the United States. The Right argues that immigrants are taking jobs away from Americans, yet they continue to employ undocumented immigrants to do jobs that Americans will not do. These conflicts probably explain why the Right has such a hard time articulating any type of coherent policy on immigration and cannot seem to decide what the role of government should be on this issue.Political Center: Immigrants, a.k.a., guest workers, are an important part of the American economy; however, once they come to the United States, immigrants need to learn English and make show proper respect for American culture. This is the United States, not the Estados Unidos. It is the responsibility of government to help assimilate immigrates and to ensure that no terrorists cross the border masquerading as a guest worker.Education The Right: Government should not have a monopoly on education. American students are failing because schools have no motivation to improve. Privatizing education would create competition and improve the quality of schools.The Left: Schools are failing because they are underfunded. It is the role of government to invest in the future of this country, which includes investing in schools.The Center: Public schools deserve public support. The role of government is to provide funding for public education. In cases where schools are failin g to teach, it is the role of government to ensure that every child has opportunity to learn, which may mean sending some children to private schools.Energy policy The Left: Green is good! It is the role of government to regulate and, if necessary, control energy production and distribution. Extreme Left would probably advocate for public ownership of all energy companies.The Right: Energy production reflects consumer demands. When people want greener fuels, companies will provide them. Government should support research on energy sources, but it is not the place of government to control prices or distribution of gasoline and other energy sources.The Center: Government should allow free markets for gasoline and other energy sources, but should intervene when profits reach extortion levels and people cannot afford to buy gasoline. Government should support research on alternative fuels.ReferenceGlod, M. (2007). U.S. Teens Trail Peers Around World on Math-Science Test. Washington Post (December 5, 2007), p. A07. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/04/AR2007120400730.htmlPassel, J.   (2005).   Unauthorized Migrants: Numbers and Characteristics.   Background Briefing Prepared for Task Force on Immigration and America's Future.   Washington, D.C.: Pew Hispanic Center.   Retrieved April 1, 2008, from http://www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/Hispanics_in_America/PHC_immigrants_0605.pdf

Ib Chemistry – Energetics (Hl)

6. 1. 1 If the reaction produces heat (increases the temperature of the surroundings) then it’s exothermic. If it decreases the temp (i. e. absorbs heat) then it’s endothermic. Also, the yield of an equilibrium reaction which is exothermic will be increased if it occurs at low temps, and so for endothermic reactions at high temperatures. 6. 1. 2 Exothermic : A reaction which produces heat. Endothermic : A reaction which absorbs heat. Enthalpy of reaction : The change in internal energy (H) through a reaction is ? H. 6. 1. 3 H will be negative for exothermic reactions (because internal heat is being lost) and positive for endothermic reactions (because internal energy is being gained). 6. 1. 4 The most stable state is where all energy has been released. Therefore when going to a more stable state, energy will be released, and when going to a less stable state, energy will be gained. On an enthalpy level diagram, higher positions will be less stable (with more internal en ergy) therefore, if the product is lower, heat is released (more stable, ? H is negative) but if it is higher, heat is gained (less stable, ?H is positive). 6. 1. 5 Formation of bonds : Release of energy. Breaking of bonds : Gain / absorption of energy. 6. 2 Calculation of enthalpy changes 6. 2. 1 Change in energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature ? (E = m x C x ? T) 6. 2. 2 Enthalpy changes (? H) are related to the number of mols in the reaction. If all the coefficients are doubled, then the value of ? H will be doubled. Attention must be paid to limiting reagents though, because enthalpy changes depend on the amount of reactants reacted (extensive property of enthalpy). . 2. 3 When a reaction is carried out in water, the water will gain or lose heat from (or to) the reaction, usually with little escaping the water. Therefore, the change in energy, and so the ? H value, can be calculated with E = m x c x ? T where E is equal to ? H, m is the mass of water pres ent, and c = 4. 18 kJ Kg-1 K-1. This ? H value can then be calculated back to find the enthalpy change for each mol of reactants. 6. 2. 4 The solution should be placed in a container as insulated as possible, to keep as much heat as possible from escaping.The temperature should be measured continuously , and the value used in the equation is the maximum change in temp from the initial position. 6. 2. 5 The results will be a change in temperature. This can be converted into a change in heat (or energy) by using the above equation and a known mass of water. This can be used to calculate the ? H for the amount of reactants present, which can then be used to calculate for a given number of mols. 6. 3 Hess’ Law 6. 3. 1 Hess’ Law states that the total enthalpy change between given reactants and products is the same regardless of any intermediate steps (or the reaction pathway).To calculate: ?Reverse any reactions which are going the wrong way and invert the sign of their ? H values. ?Divide or multiply the reactions until the intermediate products will cancel out when the reactions are vertically added (always multiply/divide the ? H value by the same number). ?Vertically add them. ?Divide or multiply the resulting reaction to the correct coefficients. 6. 4 Bond enthalpies 6. 4. 1 Bond enthalpy (aka dissociation enthalpy) : The enthalpy change when one mol of bonds are broken homolitically in the gas phase. i. e. X-Y(g) -> X(g) + Y(g) : ? H(dissociation).Molecules such as CH4 have multiple C-H bonds to be broken, and so the bond enthalpy for C-H is actually an average value. These values can be used to calculate unknown enthalpy changes in reactions where only a few bonds are being formed/broken. 6. 4. 2 If the reaction can be expressed in terms of the breaking and formation of bonds in a gaseous state, then by adding (or subtracting when bonds are formed) the ? H values the total enthalpy of reaction can be found. 16. 1 Standard enthalpy changes of re action 16. 1. 1 Standard state : 101 kPa, 298 K (or 1 atm, 25 degrees celcuis).Standard enthalpy change of formation : The enthalpy change when 1 mol of a substance is made from its elements in their standard states. For example C(graphite) + 2H2(g) -> CH4(g). Molecules, like H2 are considered to be ‘standard state'. Fractions of mols (i. e. fractions in coefficients), may also be used if necessary as 1 mol must be produced). 16. 1. 2 If a reaction can be expressed in terms of changes of formation (and bond enthalpies as in SL) then add up all the ? H values to get the ? H for the reaction. 16. 2 Lattice enthalpy 16. 2. 1Lattice enthalpy : The enthalpy change when 1 mol of crystals (i. e. an ionic lattice) is formed from its component particles at an infinite distance apart. M+(g) + X-(g) -> MX(s) The value of lattice enthalpy is assumed to be positive for the separation of the lattice, and negative for the formation of the lattice. 16. 2. 2 As above, lattice enthalpies just a dd another type of reaction to those which can be shown on the Born-Haber cycle. 16. 2. 3 Lattice enthalpy increases with higher ionic charge and with smaller ionic radius (due to increased attraction). 6. 3 Entropy 16. 3. 1 Factors which increase disorder in a system: ?Mixing of particles. ?Change of state to greater distance between particles (solid -> liquid or liquid -> gas). ?Increased particle movement (temperature). ?Increased number of particles (when more gas particles are produced, this generally outweighs all other factors). 16. 3. 2 Predict the sign of ? S (the change in entropy) for a reaction based on the above factors. ?S is positive when entropy increases (more disorder) and negative when entropy decreases (less disorder). 16. 3. 3The standard entropy change can be calculated by subtracting the absolute entropy of the reactants from that of the products. 16. 4 Spontaneity of a reaction 16. 4. 1 Reactions which release heat (and so increase stability) tend to occur as do reactions which increase entropy (? S is positive). Neither of these can be used to accurately predict spontaneity alone however. 16. 4. 2 When ? G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous, when it's positive, the reaction is not. 16. 4. 3 ?G = ? H – Temperature(in kelvin) x ? S Spontaneity depends on ? H, ? S and the temperature at which the reaction takes place (or doesn't as the case may be). 6. 4. 4 Substitute values into the equation above. Hopefully that's not too tricky. 16. 4. 5 There are four possibilities: 1.? G is always negative when ? H is negative and ? S is positive. 2.? G is negative at high temperatures if ? H is positive and ? S is positive (i. e. an endothermic reaction is spontaneous when T x ? S is greater than ? H). 3.? G is negative at lower temperatures if ? H is negative and ? S is negative (exothermic reactions are spontaneous if ? H is bigger than T x ? S). ?G is never negative if ? H is positive and ? S negative.

Macbeth: Victim or villain? Essay

Is Macbeth an evil, ruthless villain or the hapless victim of the ambition and deceit of others? Discuss. In this essay I shall be discussing whether Macbeth is a villain or a victim. I will also be considering to what extent the witches and Lady Macbeth are at fault to the downfall of Macbeth. Throughout the play we see that the witches symbolise evil and were able to regain Macbeth’s trust. The evil sisters manage to deceive him by telling the truth. They acted as the catalyst in of the evil deeds that sped up the events in the play. I believe this as they say riddles that confused Macbeth, but they did not tell him what actions he should take in response to what they said. In this case he decided to explore with these hazardous materials of poison that the witches lay out in front of him. Their words were so tempting that he could not resist. They are the first part of the equation to Macbeth’s misery. He acted on impulse and came up with his own conclusion with the help of his sinister wife, Lady Macbeth. I believe that the witches did play a part in what happened to Macbeth; however I would not say that he was at complete fault. For example, they tricked him with the first prophecy of him being crowned ‘Thane of Cawdor’ which inevitably became true. Furthermore the witches are known as the devil’s workers; therefore we know that they had the power to make him do terrible things. When they meet the solider, Macbeth, for the first time, it did not happen by chance. The witches always knew when they were going to see Macbeth. Their first encounter was in Act 1 Scene 1, ‘There to meet Macbeth’. This shows that they knew where and when they were going to meet. The word ‘There’ emphases the place of meet. This can be argued that what they had to say was even more believable in Macbeth’s eyes. Also shown later, is when they meet the Thane for the second time in Act 4, Scene 1. They are already at the meeting place, waiting for Macbeth’s arrival. They meet him and promise to answer his questions, where he becomes obsessed over what they tell him. Similarly, this shows that they always knew what state of mind he was in. Therefore I believe that they knew the ‘correct’ words to say, which would make him believe them and rely on them which made him become dependant on them. We see this dependence increase towards the end of the play. Having said this, ultimately Macbeth had a choice whether or not to believe them and their powerful words of misery. The weird sisters tricked him with their riddles, but they did not tell him that he should kill King Duncan, to become King himself. He listened to their words and jumped to his own conclusion with the help of his ambitious wife. As his eagerness took over his mind he did not consider waiting to see what would happen without him meddling. One of Macbeth’s failings was that he was foolish in continuing to trust in the witches, which is shown when he kills the Scottish King and revisits the witches for he second time. In the play, Lady Macbeth is portrayed as an ambitious, cunning and cold-hearted woman who has greedy aspirations who will do anything within her power that will accomplish her deepest desires. She has a burning passion that is craving inside of her that needs to be acknowledged and appreciated by others around her. This resulted in her ambitious actions, thoughts and words of the horrendous murder of Duncan. I feel that she acts as the catalyst who speeds up the events leading up to the murder of the rightful King, which is the second part of the equation. She is a conspirator even if she didn’t finally commit the murder where she was a woman who had a lack of compassion. Lady Macbeth challenges her husband’s manhood several times in the play. This can be seen when she says, ‘Yet do I fear they nature, It is too full o’th’milk of human kindness, To catch the nearest way.’ She believes that he is soft and possibly weak and that he is too good natured for a man who has just come back from winning the battle. She does not see the difference between killing an opposition in the battlefield and the King, to her it is the same thing. This highlights her cold-heart and her greed of aspiration. This also shows how manipulative and dominating she was over her husband. Here she also suggested that his conscience gets in the way and that he gets nervous and worried at the first hurdle. She confronts his manhood yet again, except this time he responds to her wilt, ‘We will proceed no further in this business.’ After his wife’s best efforts to convince him into committing the murder he puts his foot down and dismisses her craving for ambition. Despite her manipulation Macbeth does not wish to kill the King as they are cousins. Furthermore, it can be seen that he wants to continue enjoying the praises that he is receiving from winning the battle. If he commits the murder he will lose all good opinions of him for the fellow noblemen. It will also stop him gaining a higher position in the hierarchy. Lady Macbeth continues to push her husband into committing the crime, ‘And live a coward in thine own act and valour’. She tells him that he is coward for not being able to kill the King. She does not understand why he would want to act as a hero when he has a chance of having the greatest power that they could only ever dream about. Having said this he is only seen as a coward in her eye as he does not do the bad deed that she wishes. Macbeth becomes restless with her doubting his masculinity, ‘Prithee, peace, I dare do all that may become a man’. Here he is telling her that he is a man and that he does have the courage of a man and he refers again back to the battle. Just because he does not want to kill the king does not make him any less of a man. Just because he is not King does not mean that he is not a man. He does not need that status to define him to be a man. Another reason as to why he did not want to kill Duncan is because he would be going against God’s wishes. When this play was written it was believed that the King was chosen by God and that it was God that made that choice and if you did not agree with the King then you were disagreeing against God. The King gained the authority of not having to justify himself to his kingdom when he made decisions. Therefore it was seen as the ultimate sin to perpetrate. She once more confronts Macbeth over his manliness as she says, ‘To love the baby that milks me: / I would, while it was smiling in my face, / Have pluck’d the brains out, had I sworn / As you have done to this.’ Here she confronts him about when he gave his word to her that he would do the terrible deed. Using powerful, emotive words she is trying to make Macbeth commit the murder. Lady Macbeth continues to try and conjole Macbeth by telling him that she would murder her very own baby if she had given her word. By using such an extreme example like this, it just shows how much she wanted to become Queen. Here it shows that she would do anything within her power to become Queen. She did not want to stop for any cause. To an extent, the implication given here is that she is more of a man that he is, which demonstrates that she is trying to belittle him, by using such an extreme example. ‘Unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe topfull, of dinest cruelty.’ This shows that in this point in the play she appears to be even more cruel and heartless than Macbeth. Her restless desire of ambition, power and status overcame her mind that she wanted all of her womanly powers to decease from her body at that very moment in time. Which comes to a shock to the audience as this would have been unusual behaviour for a woman to wish these things. This quote also shows the masculinity of her mind. She suggests that she is preparing herself to commit the murder. She is saying that her womanly features and behaviour are stopping her from performing such a violent sin that she connects with manly behaviour. He allowed himself to be pushed and controlled by his wife. He could have put a firm stop to it, but he failed. In the back of his mind he wanted to do all the things that she wished, if he did not he would not have let her walk over him. In the play, Macbeth’s character changes throughout the play. At the beginning we see that he is a loyal and kind man who has respect and dignity for King Duncan, where he is a brave warrior. However, this soon changes when he begins to interact with the witches. Temptation and ambition kick in when he starts to befriend the witches. The witches trick him with the first prophecy as it comes true without him having to do anything. From here on, it is as though he trusts the witches automatically. As the first prophecy is quite small, with him becoming the ‘Thane of Cawdor’ the prophecies that follow increase in ‘size’ where power and status also increase with each prophecy. He becomes so anxious to become King himself that he was prepared to take an unlawful path. However, he does not realise that they deceive him with more important, like him becoming King and warning that they give him about Macduff. Throughout the play, Lady Macbeth pushes Macbeth. We see that she succeeds in manipulating him into the sinful crime of killing the rightful king. She manages to overcome the objections that he has towards the murder. When he resists he continually challenges his masculinity until he proves her wrong. We see that she is eager to be Queen and that she uses all arguments within her power to persuade him to carry the murder through. It is, as though she knows his weakness and uses them to her advantage. She knew which buttons to press in order to get what she wanted. He is seen to be weaker than he should be and allows Lady Macbeth to sway his better judgement. When he went into battle he was a leader of men, however this changes when he comes out of battle. He loses that control and Lady Macbeth takes over. She manages to take control, not through sexual means but through a deeper, darker more masculine manner. She takes charge of her husband and he obeys. Having said this Macbeth is ambitious, he is more taken by the witches than Banquo. They both had their first encounter with the ‘weird sisters’ at the same time, however Banquo did not wish to take notice of them, he had the willpower to say no, whereas Macbeth fell for their words. He ultimately had a choice whether or not to believe them. Banquo did not trust their intentions, ‘The instruments of darkness tell us truths; win us with honest triffles, to betray’s, In deepest consequence’ the agents of evil, the witches, told them simple truths so that they trust them. Here Banquo explains that they grab their ‘victims’ attention by telling these simple truths so that they trust them, which unavoidably become true. Once they had their ‘victim’ wanting more they began to complicate the riddles, which in this case was Macbeth where he became confused Macbeth, which made him take actions that were unnecessary. Adding to this, it is hard to understand how he had allowed himself to be controlled by his wife. Especially as he was a leader of men, not so long ago. It shows that as ambition and loyalty come together with guilt only one will win. Also showing that it is hard to control these factors when they come together. We can see the terrible outcome that it has on him. It shows that Macbeth had a lack of control and self-control. He wanted to succeed and gain power and status as much as his wife. If he did not have that drive in him he would not have killed the king. It just shows that he wanted to do the bad deed. This can be seen when he does not dismiss the idea of killing Duncan, ‘Not cast aside so soon.’ Here it shows that he has not made up his mind about what he wants to do, but he did not exclude this idea. In his defence, this could signify that he still hopes to become king in a legitimate manner. In the play we see that it is women that take control of Macbeth. They dominate the play. It begins with the witches, and it ends with the suicide of Lady Macbeth. Women have had the upper hand throughout the play. It is as though, going into battle made Macbeth see life in a different manner. As we do not know what he was like before going into the battle we cannot be sure of how true this judgement is. Having said this I feel that, the battle did make him soft inside, and that he may have wanted a better reward and that being crowned a Thane was not enough. In the back of his mind ambition was craving and growing like a disease. He wanted to do something for himself and he found that killing Duncan was the best thing for him and his wife. As his ambition increases he becomes more brutal and less reflective and his sympathy is lost. Killing Banquo is less serious than killing the King, however it was not just Banquo who was killed, and it was also his son Fleance. As well as this the murder of Lady Macduff and her children were also arranged. He arranged to have them killed as he acted on what the witches had told him before. The witches warned him about Macduff, so he decided to have him killed. As the fellow nobleman was there, out of anger he had his family killed. Having looked at all of the arguments, I believe that Macbeth is at fault for his downfall. There are many factors in the play that contributed to his failure, however Macbeth did not take control of the situation. He allowed himself to be caught up in the commotion of the witches and his motivated wife. He let others take control and tell him what to do, which can be seen as ironic as he was a leader himself. The only difference is that he led men and women now lead him. Macbeth was always ambitious, he won the battle and he listened and acted on what the witches had said. I believe that he acted on what they told him as he let his heart do the talking. He wanted a quick result without having to wait. In the back of his mind I believe that he did know the consequence of murdering the king, nevertheless he still acted on his passion. However, at the end of the play, we see Macbeth meet his death by his rival Macduff. In conclusion I believe that he is to blame for his own downfall and the misery that he and others suffered.

Hantavirus: National Park Service and Popular Camping Site

Hantavirus It seems that the there has been an outbreak of a rare, deadly virus called the Hantavirus in Yosemite National Park. According to the article, there has been an outbreak of hantavirus infections in Curry Village, a popular camping site in Yosemite, and that two people have already died from it. However, this isn’t the first time the hantavirus has spread. In 1993, the virus had been first discovered when a terrifying outbreak unfolded in the Four Corners Area of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah.The fatality rate was incredibly high—killing about half the people it infected. But, what exactly is the Hantavirus? The Hantavirus causes a disease called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which can kill an infected within just 10 days. Researchers have learned that the hantavirus is spread by the wastes and saliva of deer mice, whose population in Yosemite is bigger than usual this year.Over the 20 years since the virus has been discovered, experts have been ab le to learn more about the disease thus making them better at saving lives, but not that much better. Currently, there is no official cure. With that being said, I believe that this article was published to alert people about the hantavirus. It’s obvious that the hantavirus is extremely fatal and sneaky, for its symptoms are similar to those of harmless illnesses. People need to be notified to be cautious of their health.It might be in Yosemite for now, but modern technology gives us humans the ability to travel great distances. Although there has been a recent outbreak, I do not think the hantavirus is or will ever be an epidemic. This is because I think that us humans are more than capable to stop the spread of this virus. I remember reading about the SARS outbreak that originated in China a couple of years ago. The CDC and the World Health Organization were immediately put into action as soon as it was found to have hit North America.Flights were grounded, travel within bo rders was locked, and only around 40 people died in the entire continent. Also, I believe that this is the way we can fix this problem, almost like how they fixed the SARS outbreak. We should restrict travel to and from Yosemite so that the spread radius is minimized. Then, we should thoroughly study the virus and develop a cure. Unlike SARS, the cause of hantavirus infections is no longer a mystery. I believe that experts can cure the virus in just a few weeks if this is process is followed.