Once Upon a time x constant image of your face

Guilt is a common feeling that humans feel when they have done something wrong. The poets Gabriel Okra and Dennis brutes both express this feeling of guilt in their personae backgrounds. Therefore, okra's â€Å"Once upon a Time† and brute's â€Å"It is the Constant Image of Your Face† are poems portrayed with guilt, but they show it in different situations. The body of both poems have a specific situation happening. In the poem â€Å"Once upon a Time† the persona wishes to be young again an forget all the lessons he has taught himself.He admits of having to put on a â€Å"mask â€Å"depending on who he is in company with, however he wishes to return to his childhood days when he would laugh a honest laughter. The persona speaks to his son about the times when people WOUld Seem to be sincere and caring when dealing with one another. In the poem â€Å"It is the Constant Image of Your Face† the persona chooses his woman over his county. The persona looks at his love for his country along with his mistress and the heartbreak that is inflicted with his choices.The persona admits that they cannot make excuses for his mistress does not take precedence over the personae country, however he still commits treason against his country by being seduced by his mistress's beauty and protection. The persona hopes that his country' will forgive him for choosing his mistress. In both the poems the personae give a feeling of guilt in their events. In the poem â€Å"Once Upon a Time† the poet creates contrast be;en â€Å"heart† and â€Å"faces†. â€Å"Hearts† suggest a deep honest feeling and emotion.Thus, when people shook hands â€Å"with their hearts†, their emotion was true and real. However, when they laugh ‘With their teeth†, not with their eyes. This suggests that the eyes are like the windows of the soul thus letting us see how a person truly feels. In the second poem, â€Å"It is the Constant Im age of Your Face† the persona reflects on the image of someone he cares for. The persona admits that both him and his mistress can â€Å"plead excuses† for his behavior because the woman does not take precedence over his country. He is also feeling guilt and sadness because of what he has done.He has committed treason against his country and he hopes his country will pardon him because of his love for his country and woman. The two poems show contrast through literary devices. Personifications and oxymoron are used by the poets in their poems. In the poem ‘it is the Constant Image of Your Face' the phrase ‘heart's Treachery' is an oxymoron used.

Employee Motivation Programs Essay

Keep your workers inspired by utilizing an employee motivation program inShare Your company can benefit by employee motivation. It’s important to reward your staff for their hard work through recognition, special privileges or gifts. An employee motivation program shows your staff that your company cares about their success. Motivate your staff and their production will exceed expectations. Increase production and employee satisfaction as your business implements workforce motivation. Employee motivation techniques create the foundation that keeps your workforce happy and productive. Encourage teamwork, which improves your company’s success as well as staff motivation. A supportive work atmosphere leads to positive motivation for employees and improves morale. Enjoy workers in the company who have a great attitude and are an example for new staff member joining the organization. Motivating employees can come in many forms. Here are a few ideas to get you started: 1. Consider an employee motivational training program. 2. Use employee motivational articles and other materials to inspire your workers. 3. Give your gifts as an incentive to increase staff motivation. Implement a training program to increase employee’s motivation Training programs use employee motivation theories to offer the best classes and training tools for your company. Some of the most successful companies in the world use training programs for worker motivation. Try: Dale Carnegie Training is a well-established company that understands the benefits of business employee motivation. Training Camp has on-site training as well as an online computer course. Inspire your crew with employee motivation articles and posters The use of visual aids changes how employees view their success. We’ve all seen the motivational posters and articles but these can be more beneficial than you might think. The use of attractive and eye-catching materials that cover encouragement, innovation, leadership and make it happen, are subjects used for motivational posters. Try: Successories has an unlimited amount of motivational posters ranging in any subject. Future Think has motivational materials that guide you on how to recognize and reward innovation. Create worker motivation with incentives Employees love rewards for hard work and a wonderful motivational tool is gift incentives. Your staff will strive to do their best and it challenges them to improve productivity through friendly competition and recognition for a job well done. Try: Swift Prepaid Solutions offers prepaid gift cards that you can use to incite your employees to achieve certain goals. You can use them for the best sales or a job well done. Circuit City has a program where you can hand out gift cards to your deserving employees. †¢Employees need to feel encouragement and motivational techniques can achieve the goal of motivating employees on a daily basis. †¢Use an employee motivation survey to gage the morale of your workforce. Ask the staff to indicate what motivates them. Basic choices include recognition, monetary rewards and special privileges.

Factory Farming

December 4, 2012 Factory Farming With the rising population growth in the United States, food production has greatly changed. Factory farming was developed in the 1920's; soon after the discovery of vitamins A and D, these vitamins were added to the feed, eliminating the requirement for exercise and sunlight for growth. But what exactly is a factory farm? Factory farming is the dominate source of livestock food for the U. S. Harsh and cruel conditions are inflicted towards the animals which are confined in small cages, the factorys are inhumane and morally wrong.Simply put, it is a farm that runs like a factory. The dangers of this kind of agribusiness inflict not only the animals but the environment, communities and our health. Should factory farming be banned? The government refers factory farming as; concentrated (or confined) animal feeding operations (CAFOs). So what are the conditions of these ‘concentrated animal feeding operations? These facilities house hundreds or tho usands of cows, calves, pigs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and other animals that live in extremely stressful conditions.They are confined in small cages, Jam packed in rooms with little to no room to move around or lay down comfortably. They are fed drugs to fatten them faster and keep them alive in conditions that could otherwise kill them. Genetically modified organisms (GMO's) are used to make the animals grow faster or to produce much more milk or eggs than they naturally would. (Sorensen, 2009) When animals raised for food are large enough for the slaughter houses they are transported in crowded trucks with often no water or food. The animals that survive this grotesque trip are often slaughtered alive.Practices such as altering animals bodies are common in all factory farms, practices such as; debeaking, A process that nvolves cutting through bone, cartilage and soft tissue with a blade to remove the top half and the bottom third of a chicken's, turkeys or ducks beak. Thi s measure is taken to reduce the excessive feather pecking and cannibalism seen among stressed, overcrowded birds in factory farms (ASPCA). So why aren't factory farms banned? There are many reasons as to why these facilities flourish in the United States and other countries. Factory farms are an efficient way to produce food for the large demand of meat, at a low cost.The large amount of Jobs it entails. They also ensure that huge cities will always have food. Factory farming has also promoted the development of vital amenities like good roads and hospitals among others (Harri). Corporations such as McDonalds and others alike are some of the largest consumers of the factory farming business. Without these farms it would be difficult, or impossible to provide chain restaurants with the amount of meat necessary in order to run efficiently. The people, we nourish this business by our desire for low priced food. Are these advantages actually positive or are we overlooking past the down sides?The number of factory farms in the U. S. s undefined, but according to the Factory FarmMap. org; in 2007 there were 571 ,210 livestock units in New Mexico. New Mexico nas extreme levels ot dairy tactory farms. One of them being along interstate 10 southeast of Las Cruces, there are 30, 000 dairy cows on 11 back to back dairy farms. How are factory farms dangerous? Factory farms pollute our land, air, and water by the extreme amount of waste generated by the vast amount of animals being raised in one place. Land and water have been poisoned by decades of use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers for mass production of livestock feed.According to the New Mexico Environment Department (Burnett, 2009); two thirds of the state's dairies are contaminating groundwater with excess nitrogen from manure leaking from lagoons or being over applied to fields. Nitrous oxides are being released from farms in large quantities due to manure application and are among the leading causes of aci d rain (Grace). Can we ban factory farming? It is irrational to think factory farming can be banned, although changes can be made. We can bring awareness to others about factory farming, and by buying local organic food at either farmers markets, or organic produce stores. Factory Farming Oral Presentation Preparation Factory Farming First of all, I am not against meat eating. However, factory farming is an unacceptable practice of meat producing and this unethical action need to be stopped. In order to support my idea, I am going to discuss the facts about factory farming. In order to have a better understanding about factory farming, it is necessary to define what the factory farming is. It is almost where the meat comes from. In 1920s, factory farming began to modify family farming to maximize the profits at great cost to both humans and animals.In fact, two million small farms have disappeared in 1950s. If the rate continues to be the same, there will no real independent farm left. Soon after they discover the vitamin A and D, which are added to feed animals, the animals are no longer required to exercise and sunlight for growth. Therefore, animals in factory farming are raised indoor for their whole lives. In addition, in the food industry, animals are not consid ered animals at all; they are food-producing machines. They are confined to small cages with metal bars. So, why are there too many people against factory farming?The reason is not hard to find – animals are suffered most by factory farming. There are so many animals spend their lives in cages such as chickens, cows, pigs, fox, bears and even tigers. The first to be transformed into mass-produced farming is chicken. Over 600 million chickens live and die in nightmarish conditions to supply Canadians with their meat and eggs. They are kept in small wire cages, called â€Å"battery cages†, with between 7 or 8 chickens. Because of stress and fear, they are peck at each other. In order to prevent the fights, their peaks are cut.It causes lasting pain; effect the ability to eat, drink, or any movement of their peaks. After 18 to 20 weeks, they are considered â€Å"spent hens†, and need to be sent to slaughter. The second major animal in the factory farm is cow. They are milked by machines, which they are not even allowed to sit down. Normally, the dairy cow is forced into a repeated cycle of pregnancy and having her newborns taken away as young as a few hours old so the milk can be used for human consumption. Another factory farm animal, pigs, are kept indoor, unable to turn around, an only stand and lie down with difficulty. There is no respect for mothers: the baby pigs are taken from their mothers in two to four weeks to be fattened up. After 3 to 4 years, mother pigs will be sent to the slaughter. Instead of giving them some more space to live, factory farmer will have pig’s tails docked and teeth clipped to prevent tail biting. Factory farming does not hurt only animals; it also damages human lives by so many dimensions: environment, health and even the economy. As the number of animals in factory farming increases, the amount of animal waste produced increase, too.It damages the air globally. Moreover, it also raises a great concer n about water pollution. For example, if 2 million birds are killed a day, 12 million gallons of water is needed to flush away 3 million pound of guts, chicken heads, feathers, and blood. Public health concern is another issue. In order to promote growth of animals, more than 83% of farm animals are fed with antimicrobial. In 2008, in the U. S. , two million people become infected at hospitals, of those, 90,000 have died because their infections were immune to treatment.Hilariously, the point of developing factory farming is to increase a country economy system; there are some economic arguments against factory farming. Some can believe that factory farming is more efficient method comparing to local farming, it is also considered the best way to produce protein-rich foods as well as affordable. However, economists say no, because the full cost of factory farming will be equal to the total cost of land use, waste disposal expense, cost of air and water pollution, the cost of public health, and finally the cost of community when the value and quality of life decrease.In fact, according to a study, the cost of cleaning up pollution, together with repairing habitats and dealing with sickness caused by factory farming equal to 2. 3 billion pounds which is almost the same amount as a total agriculture industry’s income. By being aware of this facts about factory farming would make a better world for both humans and nonhuman animals. It will soon destroy both humans and nonhuman animals. In addition, the fact is without factory farming, we still can live with an even better life and health, both for humans as well as nonhuman animals.Again, by some perspectives, humans have the right to consume meat, so in the end animals are killed; however, doing what cost least suffer for animals during their lives is a must. Works Cited Michael Bristow. â€Å"China bear bile farms stir anger among campaigners. † BBC News, Beijing. 19 Feb. 2012. Web. 12 Jul. 2012. < http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-asia-china-17188043>. â€Å"Factory Farming in Canada. † Chooseveg. ca Mercy for Animals. N. d. Web. 12 Jul. 2012. < http://www. chooseveg. ca/animal-cruelty-canada. asp>. â€Å"The Pork Industry. † People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Peta. N. d.Web. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. peta. org/issues/animals-used-for-food/pork-industry. aspx>. â€Å"What are the Factory Farms hiding? See for Yourself? † Occupy for Animals. 03 Mar. 2012. Web. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. occupyforanimals. org/what-are-factory-farms-hiding-see-for-yourself. html>. Danny Penman. â€Å"The factory farm tigers being turned into wine. † Mail Online. 12 Mar. 2007. Web. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-441632/The-factory-farm-tigers-turned-wine. html>. â€Å"Factory Farm: The True Cost. † Human Farming Association. Wildlife Resource and rehabilitation.N. d. Web. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. wildlife-rescue. org /index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=63&Itemid=60>. L, Murray. â€Å"Factory Farmed-Chickens: Their difficult lives and deaths. † Britanica Advocacy for Animals. 14 May. 2007. Web. 11 Jul. 2012 < http://advocacy. britannica. com/blog/advocacy/2007/05/the-difficult-lives-and-deaths-of-factory-farmed-chickens/>. â€Å"Factory Farming in Canada. † Be Compassionate Be Veg. N. d. Web. 12 Jul. 2012 < http://www. beveg. ca/factory-farming-in-canada. php>. Willis, Peterson. â€Å"Family Farming in America. Family Farming ahap. N. d. Web. 12 Jul. 2012. < http://familyfarmingahap. weebly. com/family-vs-corporate-farming. html>. Phillip Lymberry. â€Å"Why is Factory Farming such a big deal. † Compassion in World Farming. Youtube. 5 Jul. 2011. Video. 11 Jul. 2012. . â€Å"Back to the start. † Chipotle Mexican Grill. Youtube. 25 Aug. 2011. Video. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=aMfSGt6rHos> â€Å"The Meatrix. † Canada. The meatrix . N. d. Video. 11 Jul 2012. < http://www. themeatrix. com/intl/canada> Factory Farming Oral Presentation Preparation Factory Farming First of all, I am not against meat eating. However, factory farming is an unacceptable practice of meat producing and this unethical action need to be stopped. In order to support my idea, I am going to discuss the facts about factory farming. In order to have a better understanding about factory farming, it is necessary to define what the factory farming is. It is almost where the meat comes from. In 1920s, factory farming began to modify family farming to maximize the profits at great cost to both humans and animals.In fact, two million small farms have disappeared in 1950s. If the rate continues to be the same, there will no real independent farm left. Soon after they discover the vitamin A and D, which are added to feed animals, the animals are no longer required to exercise and sunlight for growth. Therefore, animals in factory farming are raised indoor for their whole lives. In addition, in the food industry, animals are not consid ered animals at all; they are food-producing machines. They are confined to small cages with metal bars. So, why are there too many people against factory farming?The reason is not hard to find – animals are suffered most by factory farming. There are so many animals spend their lives in cages such as chickens, cows, pigs, fox, bears and even tigers. The first to be transformed into mass-produced farming is chicken. Over 600 million chickens live and die in nightmarish conditions to supply Canadians with their meat and eggs. They are kept in small wire cages, called â€Å"battery cages†, with between 7 or 8 chickens. Because of stress and fear, they are peck at each other. In order to prevent the fights, their peaks are cut.It causes lasting pain; effect the ability to eat, drink, or any movement of their peaks. After 18 to 20 weeks, they are considered â€Å"spent hens†, and need to be sent to slaughter. The second major animal in the factory farm is cow. They are milked by machines, which they are not even allowed to sit down. Normally, the dairy cow is forced into a repeated cycle of pregnancy and having her newborns taken away as young as a few hours old so the milk can be used for human consumption. Another factory farm animal, pigs, are kept indoor, unable to turn around, an only stand and lie down with difficulty. There is no respect for mothers: the baby pigs are taken from their mothers in two to four weeks to be fattened up. After 3 to 4 years, mother pigs will be sent to the slaughter. Instead of giving them some more space to live, factory farmer will have pig’s tails docked and teeth clipped to prevent tail biting. Factory farming does not hurt only animals; it also damages human lives by so many dimensions: environment, health and even the economy. As the number of animals in factory farming increases, the amount of animal waste produced increase, too.It damages the air globally. Moreover, it also raises a great concer n about water pollution. For example, if 2 million birds are killed a day, 12 million gallons of water is needed to flush away 3 million pound of guts, chicken heads, feathers, and blood. Public health concern is another issue. In order to promote growth of animals, more than 83% of farm animals are fed with antimicrobial. In 2008, in the U. S. , two million people become infected at hospitals, of those, 90,000 have died because their infections were immune to treatment.Hilariously, the point of developing factory farming is to increase a country economy system; there are some economic arguments against factory farming. Some can believe that factory farming is more efficient method comparing to local farming, it is also considered the best way to produce protein-rich foods as well as affordable. However, economists say no, because the full cost of factory farming will be equal to the total cost of land use, waste disposal expense, cost of air and water pollution, the cost of public health, and finally the cost of community when the value and quality of life decrease.In fact, according to a study, the cost of cleaning up pollution, together with repairing habitats and dealing with sickness caused by factory farming equal to 2. 3 billion pounds which is almost the same amount as a total agriculture industry’s income. By being aware of this facts about factory farming would make a better world for both humans and nonhuman animals. It will soon destroy both humans and nonhuman animals. In addition, the fact is without factory farming, we still can live with an even better life and health, both for humans as well as nonhuman animals.Again, by some perspectives, humans have the right to consume meat, so in the end animals are killed; however, doing what cost least suffer for animals during their lives is a must. Works Cited Michael Bristow. â€Å"China bear bile farms stir anger among campaigners. † BBC News, Beijing. 19 Feb. 2012. Web. 12 Jul. 2012. < http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-asia-china-17188043>. â€Å"Factory Farming in Canada. † Chooseveg. ca Mercy for Animals. N. d. Web. 12 Jul. 2012. < http://www. chooseveg. ca/animal-cruelty-canada. asp>. â€Å"The Pork Industry. † People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Peta. N. d.Web. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. peta. org/issues/animals-used-for-food/pork-industry. aspx>. â€Å"What are the Factory Farms hiding? See for Yourself? † Occupy for Animals. 03 Mar. 2012. Web. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. occupyforanimals. org/what-are-factory-farms-hiding-see-for-yourself. html>. Danny Penman. â€Å"The factory farm tigers being turned into wine. † Mail Online. 12 Mar. 2007. Web. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-441632/The-factory-farm-tigers-turned-wine. html>. â€Å"Factory Farm: The True Cost. † Human Farming Association. Wildlife Resource and rehabilitation.N. d. Web. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. wildlife-rescue. org /index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=63&Itemid=60>. L, Murray. â€Å"Factory Farmed-Chickens: Their difficult lives and deaths. † Britanica Advocacy for Animals. 14 May. 2007. Web. 11 Jul. 2012 < http://advocacy. britannica. com/blog/advocacy/2007/05/the-difficult-lives-and-deaths-of-factory-farmed-chickens/>. â€Å"Factory Farming in Canada. † Be Compassionate Be Veg. N. d. Web. 12 Jul. 2012 < http://www. beveg. ca/factory-farming-in-canada. php>. Willis, Peterson. â€Å"Family Farming in America. Family Farming ahap. N. d. Web. 12 Jul. 2012. < http://familyfarmingahap. weebly. com/family-vs-corporate-farming. html>. Phillip Lymberry. â€Å"Why is Factory Farming such a big deal. † Compassion in World Farming. Youtube. 5 Jul. 2011. Video. 11 Jul. 2012. . â€Å"Back to the start. † Chipotle Mexican Grill. Youtube. 25 Aug. 2011. Video. 11 Jul. 2012. < http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=aMfSGt6rHos> â€Å"The Meatrix. † Canada. The meatrix . N. d. Video. 11 Jul 2012. < http://www. themeatrix. com/intl/canada>

Techniques of research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Techniques of research - Essay Example Kim, A.-H. et al. â€Å"Graphic Organizers and Their Effects on the Reading Comprehension of Students with LD: A Synthesis of Research.† Journal of Learning Disabilities 37.2 (2004) : 105-118. 16 July 2011. This peer reviewed article examines the effects of graphic organizers on reading comprehension for those students facing the problems of learning disabilities. This article compares the standardized reading comprehension with the reading comprehension with the use of graphic organizers such as semantic organizers, cognitive mapping. The article concludes that the use of graphic organizers have improved reading comprehension overall for students with learning disabilities. This article is taken from Journal of Learning Disabilities, which is considerably recognized for its authentic and reliable work throughout the academic world. In addition, it is available at Sage Publication, again which prefers to publish reliable piece of work. This article provides the basic informati on relating to the research work. The use of graphic organizers for reading comprehension for students with learning disabilities; considerably fulfills the required need of information on the topic. DiCecco, V. M., and M. M. Gleason. â€Å"Using Graphic Organizers to Attain Relational Knowledge From Expository Text.† Journal of Learning Disabilities 35.4 (2002) : 306-320. 19 July 2011. This article focuses on the implications of the expository text. For this purpose, this research is carried out on K-12 participants in order to assess the potency of the graphic organizers as a comprehension tool. By highlighting the key concerns relating to graphic organizers, the researchers try to examine the effects of graphic organizers under treatment and control conditions. The results support the use of graphic organizers for students with learning disabilities to increase their relational knowledge from expository textbooks. When factual knowledge was analyzed via multiple choice que stions and tests, the results mention no difference found between control and treatment conditions. This article belongs to the Journal of Learning Disabilities and is collectively published by Hammill Institute on Disabilities and Sage publication. Being a peer reviewed article, it consists of primary research over the use of graphic organizers on K-12 students . This article provides primary research over the use of graphic organizers. By clearly highlighting the difference of reading comprehension and relational knowledge, this article has facilitated in the broader understanding of the concept of graphic organizers. McCoy, J. D., and L. R. Ketterlin-Geller. â€Å"Rethinking Instructional Delivery for Diverse Student Populations: Serving All Learners with Concept-Based Instruction.† Intervention in School and Clinic 40.2 (2004) : 88-95. 19 July 2011. This article takes into account the role of teachers in assisting students to learn complex content during classes. The stud ents face the problems of studying facts without reaching the larger contexts. For that purpose, research at the University of Oregon concludes that if the teacher takes responsibility for explaining and identifying the concept within the parameters of course materials, students will be considerably relieved with above mentioned problems. At the same time, using the functional taxonomy, teachers can practically assess the realistic performance of

Critically discuss the view that gender is relevant to the study of Essay

Critically discuss the view that gender is relevant to the study of INTELLIGENCE. Ground your answer in theory and illustrate w - Essay Example However, since other variables (age, socio-cultural, and environmental factors, etc.) may also affect brain activity and behavior, the amount of certainty for the differences in cognitive ability between genders base on the innate neuroanatomical brain structure pose complexity for the researchers in measuring individual’s intelligence. To begin with, clinical/educational psychologist Richard Pratt (2009) defined human intelligence as a very special mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience, and it is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smartness, but rather but rather reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings. Academic achievement is one of the most widely accepted aspects of life that reflects intelligence and because achievement is expected to accompany intelligence, a test that correlates with achievements has some evidence that it is measuring intelligence (Hersen, 2004, p. 26). IQ (Intelligent Quotient) test generally measures cognitive ability in the form of intelligence assessment tools. It attempts to measure the individual’s intellectual functioning or the basic ability to understand and assimilate the world and how this knowledge is being applied in life. Various qualities such as factual knowledge, short-term memory, abstract reasoning, visual-spatial abilities, and common sense are measured by IQ test (Rich, n.d.). Commonly-used IQ test tools that provide verbal and nonverbal assessments of intelligence are Stanford-Binet test, Wechsler Scales, and SAT (scholastic assessment test). However, SAT has been criticized for the possible effects of gender bias (Santrock, 2005). In connection to measuring intelligence among individuals, whether gender plays a significant factor that may predict one’s cognitive ability edge has been an interesting issue subjected under many investigations. Various studies were made in different countries all over the world to find any significant difference between the performances of both genders. In Turkey, one study to determine significant gender differences in academic performance among undergraduate students in a large university was conducted in Turkey by Dayioglu and Turut-Asik (2004). This study was based on three indicators; university entrance scores, performance in the English preparatory school, and performance (based on cumulative grade point average or CGPA) in the program where the student is majoring in. Results showed a gender gap in favor of male students in terms of university entrance score, as well as in the performance in English preparatory school. However, female students outperformed their male counterparts in the program where they major in based on CGPA. The authors concluded that despite their lower university entrance scores and under-representation i n most departments, female undergraduate students outperform the males during their college years. Derived results have implications on the gender segregation by fields of study to open and encourage female students to get into lucrative study fields as the study have shown their competence in terms of

Critically evaluate Direct payments in relation to Personalisation Essay

Critically evaluate Direct payments in relation to Personalisation - Essay Example When one has the power of choosing and the power of control, it will hence lead to the life of a person to be in the best state (Barron 2010, p.57). Moreover, due to pay down assists in the privatisation policy, many other critical factors are brought into the light. Factors such as trying to ensure a proper and global proximity to both the societal and services that are termed as free by the government are considered (Bornat 2008, p.67). Others such as the intervening and also the early processes of intervening, the growth and also the continuous producing of services in social societies, and also the sector that does involve social care, trying to improve the levels of access to vital information, and also the guidance of all persons, who do utilise this primary social care amenities. This is irrespective of how they are planned to get their funding, and achieving recognition and other supportive aspects of this field (Hazel 2011, p.34). Direct payments which in short form are termed as DPs, are payments in cash form, that are paid to a person, for which they are now able to manage and also make designs of customized help so as to be able to obtain their various needs that are pertain able to social care (Glasby 2009, p.23). Therefore, the channel that submits funds for direct payments, originates from the authorities locally. Even though direct payments have always been present since the year 1996, they are currently one of the many choices that persons who are hence availed for a personal budget (Rogowski 2010, p.87). It is hence evident and without argument that, the number of persons who utilise direct payments as a want, has with time grown constantly from 50 to 3373, from the years 2002 to the year 2008. It is also observable that, the numbers of persons who utilise direct payments, from the year 2007 to 2008, have increased in terms of per cent, roughly rising by 61%. This is indeed one of the largest

Political Ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Political Ideologies - Essay Example Ideologies are therefore patterns of thought that play a crucial role in shaping political landscapes often in unconscious ways1. Of these, include democratic ideology. With its origin traced back to the ancient Greece, democracy refers to a system of leadership in which political governance is by people directly or by electing their representatives into leadership positions. The emphasis of this ideology is the free exercise individual rights in shaping political orientations of their country. Its basic tenet is the rule by many through democratic selection processes. The major flaw with this ideology is that the majority always gets their way and may result to oppression of the minorities. Second is conservative ideology. As the word suggests, this ideology refers to the assertion that the traditional governance institutions function the best way possible and that it necessary to avoid radical changes taking place in the society as much as it is practically possible. The emphasis h ere is on ensuring continuity of systems, maintaining stability and where possible returning things to their original status. Liberalism is the third. Attaining equity and liberty in the society are the key defining assertion of this political ideology. The emphasis here is on such things as the constitution, exercise of inherent human rights, democracy defined by free and fair elections, free market economy defined by free trade, and secularism in a country. Embracing divergent political views, libertarians advocate for a minimized statehood or its abolition while advancing a maximized individual liberty. This means that an examination of observed liberalism may establish that they have liberty situated in their core; human rights, democracy, and equality are adjacent while nationalism is on the periphery2. Other political ideologies include socialism, which opposes capitalism on the basis that it creates and concentrates wealth and power to a small segment of the society through w anton exploitation of resources including human resources. They advocate for a system that creates equal opportunity for all people to maximize their potential while using technology and resources for the benefit of the public as a whole, while doing away with any form of coercive pecking order. Closely linked to this is the green party ideology that promotes the exercise green politics defined by social justice, local level democracy, environmentalism, and violence free societies to realize world health. The independent ideology promotes none affiliation to political parties although standing by the principals and manifestoes of political parties is acceptable3. Based on evaluation of the various types of political ideologies, the liberal ideology provides the best flat form for freedom and equality among society members. Since attaining equity and liberty are its basic precepts, this ideology advocates for a structure that provides individuals with basic human rights and freedoms entrenched in a constitution. It further captures aspects like the exercise of free and fair elections also advocated for by the democratic ideology as well as for equal opportunity based on free markets and secularism for people to attain their full potentials4. As opposed to the socialism and republican/ conservative ideology, liberalism allows for improvement in the state of affair to attain maximum benefit possible for an individual in a free market setting. In conclusion, the different types of politica

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Research Paper

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain - Research Paper Example Perhaps due to this reason, â€Å"artistry of Twain’s ‘Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ has inspired †¦ sophisticated and impressive critical responses†¦.† (Budd and Messent, 543) In case of Mark Twain such observation is truer as in his novels we see he has included a great deal of his autobiographical elements. In this context we can cite for the observation of Shelley Fisher Fishkin, whose observation asserts that the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn includes a great deal of autobiographical elements, â€Å"A boy of Twain’s acquaintance, Benson Blankenship, †¦. (His behavior would become a model for aspects of Huck’s behavior.)† (Fishkin, 21) It is from his autobiographical references we come to know, â€Å"By the time of Twain’s youth, slavery had become institutionalized in the South†¦In southern Missouri, where Twain, and Huck, lived, slavery still existed.† (Jarnow, 21)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ shows that the protagonist Finn undergoes several adventures and finally he develops his approach towards life out of the experiences of such adventures. Apart from Finn’s adventure to observe life from a close angle, there is another element that plays a very important role in the novel that is the protagonist’s (the novelist’s) attitude towards slavery. Constitution if the United States of America came into power since 1864 and it immediately abolished the system of slavery from America officially. The Constitution clearly declared that all men are free and they are eligible to receive equal treatment from the State, despite their differences in race, religion, ethnicity and skin color. (Wilson, 5) However, looking at the practical situation it is evident that situation of the black people or people from Afro-American ethnic background has remained unchanged even in the modern society. L ike all the other great

Answer the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Answer the questions - Essay Example The story is itself based on Oliver Crisp. Crisp serves as the protagonist in the story and he comes across as a highly enthusiastic explorer. Dubai is considered one of the most exotic places in the world which harbors many opportunities for amazing adventures. Kids in Dubai are naturally inclined to themes of exploration and adventure to a great extent which is why this particular children’s story has amassed great critical acclaim in my culture. The use and implementation of organization development (OD) principles and processes at community and national levels has drastically risen over the past years in Dubai. This stands true not only in context of Dubai, but application of OD principles is now seen around the globe in community contexts and also at national levels. The rise of violence in the world has served to challenge the safety and protection of people. In a situation characterized by increased violence, OD principles exercised by experienced professionals serve to increase the possibility of bringing that expertise which is needed to build more robust communities and plummet down the level of violence. Implementation of OD principles has played a very influential role in managing even the most intractable conflicts in the most professional and cost-saving

The Wall Street financial reform (2010) Research Paper

The Wall Street financial reform (2010) - Research Paper Example The passing of the law was aimed at making the financial system of the United States more accountable and transparent in order to avoid similar situations in future and ensure that there is a working system in place to protect the money belonging to tax payers (Kolb 112). The law included such major topics as the creation of a bureau for protection of consumer finances, creation of an oversight council for financial stability, the limitation of complex and large instruments of finance and transforming the derivative market to assume a more transparent image. The law also included the introduction of oversight and new requirements for the agencies dealing with credit rating. It also gave company shareholders a say concerning the bonuses paid to their chief executive officers. All these components targeted to strengthen the economy of the United States and protect the consumer against the increased shrewdness of the business world (Kolb 114). Way back in the year 1933, a law called the Glass-Steagall act had placed what was seen as a wall of complete separation between brokerages and banks. The act was largely repealed in 1999 by another act that was aimed at modernizing financial matters in the country. The restoration of the Glass-Steagall act was regarded by some commentators as very vital, with some of them referring to it as the most functional component in the reform of Wall Street. However, the Democratic Party leaders in the house refused to permit an amendment by Maurice Hinchey, a member of the Republican Party. The amendment was meant to restore the Glass-Steagall act as part of the Frank bill of 2009 (Pezzuto 67). Later on in 2009, Hinchey introduced the restoration act of the Glass-Steagall act as a separate bill proposal. Despite the politics that has played on the restoration of the act, the Volker rule, which was introduced by the administration of president Obama has been viewed as the twenty first century version of the Glass-Steagall act. The r ule establishes strict rules on banks against using their money in making risky investments. A few years earlier, in 2002, senator Sarbanes and representative Oxley proposed the Sarbanes-Oxley act. The act was a reaction to the escalating number of accounting and corporate scandals in the United States. Such scandals include the ones that affected Worldcom and Enron. The bill was signed into law by the then president of the United States, George Bush (Carney 48). During the enacting of the Wall Street financial reform act of 2010, the process brought political alignments mainly in the major political parties. The parties still had a large ideological separation since they had just come from an election, during which a large ideological rift had been created. By the Month of May 2010, the bill had been passed by both the senate and the house. However, there were differences in the version from the house and the one from the senate which was referred to the congressional conference co mmittee of the United States for harmonization. The differences that were to resolved in the bills included whether the proposed consumer protection agency was to be independent as suggested by the senate or an affiliate to the Federal Reserve as proposed by the house of representatives. Another difference was whether

An investigation into the theory and practice of management skills Essay

An investigation into the theory and practice of management skills development in the hospitality and tourism industries - Essay Example Thankfully my research and academic proficiency led me to applying in Marriot International among other companies for a management trainee post and getting a positive response from the company. Marriot International is the third largest chain of hotels in the world by employees and revenues but what struck me most about the company was that it consistently got selected as one of the five most ethical companies in an annual review carried out by a rating and analysis firm. The company is based in the United States but has a large setup in the United Kingdom and offers a management trainee program or as the company calls it, a leadership development program, in 30 countries of the world. I got selected in this program that goes by the name of Voyage and conveyed my consent for joining appropriately quickly. Now I am an inductee into the program in its UK chapter and it is early days for me as a trainee of event management, a field of profession I chose to enter after long and careful deliberation. I think that the most prominent feature of event management that is not as important in other types of management is time management which I think is one of the best qualities a person can possess. Also if an event and the planning leading up to it are considered a complete project, I shall get more experience of handling whole projects than I would have gotten in any other field of corporate management. Finally, I have taken this route because I would like t o permanently leave the status of employee one day and establish my own company in the event management business. The first skill that I think I will be requiring to acquire to progress on this career path is keeping my fitness level high. By fitness I do also mean personal health care as well. I have honestly concluded from what I have come to know so far about the job of event management for large companies that it is a tenuous job; it is both physically and

The Not so Friendly, Arnold Friend Essay Example for Free

The Not so Friendly, Arnold Friend Essay When Connie picks up the phone she hears something on the other line, a type of roaring noise that you hear in those scary movies about the devil. Arnold also talks to Connie as if he were saying lyrics from one of her favorite songs knowing how willingly Connie will do anything to fit in with the culture music gives. Arnold Friend tells Connie, â€Å"We’ll go out to a nice field, out in the country here where it smells so nice and it’s sunny†¦I’ll have my arms around you so you won’t need to try to get away and I’ll show you what love is like, what it does† (Oates 628). He goes on saying sweet things to Connie to make her come out behind the screen door and come over to him, but she does not seem to come to him because of how kind he says his words, but because of the fear that has built up from them. Arnold Friend was almost narrating the next few seconds of he life as if it was now his to claim, â€Å"Now come out through the kitchen to me honey and let’s see a smile, try it, you’re a brave sweet little girl. † And as he said this, â€Å"She put out her hand against the screen. She watched herself push the door slowly open as if she were safe back somewhere in the other doorway, watching this body and this head of long hair moving out into the sunlight where Arnold Friend waited† (Oates628). Another reason that Arnold Friend gives off a frightening image is that his normal teenager look is the almost â€Å"too real† of a look. Arnold Friend is just an image that he knows Connie wants to see in a guy and has seen in a lot of them. The narrator says, â€Å"[Connie] recognized most things about him, the tight shirt, an even that slippery friendly smile of his, that sleepy dreamy smile that all the boys used to get across ideas they didn’t wan to put into word†¦But all these things did not come together† (Oates 623). Arnold Friend has that look to him that most girls would think is attractive, but at the same time there is something that was not right about him. Arnold left his glasses on for most of the conversation, but when he took them off the skin around his eyes were so pale they made his eyes seem to glow in a supernatural way. The narrator states, â€Å"He took off the sunglasses and she saw how pale the skin around his eyes was, like hold that were not in shadow but instead in light. His eyes were chips of broken glass that catch the light in an amiable way† (Oates 622), making his eyes look like they were glowing like they would on something supernatural. Oates also goes on explaining that after Arnold Friend puts his glasses on top of his head he did it cautiously â€Å"as if he were indeed wearing a wig† (Oates 624). Arnold Friend could be wearing a wig to simply defy his age so Connie will go on a ride with him or also to hide the horns on top of his head, like the devil has. â€Å"His whole face was a mask, she thought wildly, tanned down onto his throat but then running out as if he had plastered makeup on his face but had forgotten about his throat. † (Oates 625). The last reason that Arnold Friend gives off a frightening image is the knowledge he conveys about and with Connie. Arnold Friend frequently tells Connie of his knowledge of her family, neighbors and herself. When Connie hears Arnold say her name for the first time she tells him that she never said her name and he tells her in response, â€Å"But I know what it is. I know your name and all about you, lots of things† (Oates 622). He continues to tell her some of the information he knows about her, â€Å"I know your parents and sister are gone somewhere and I know where and how long they’re going to be gone, and I know who you were with last night, and your best girl friend’s name is Betty† (Oates 622). But Arnold’s knowledge is just facts about Connie’s life and family, Oates also describes his knowledge Connie as if he was there watching these events that Connie’s family is apart of. Arnold Friend says, â€Å"Aunt Tillie’s. Right now they’re-uh-they’re drinking. Sitting around,† he said vaguely, squinting as if he were staring all the way to town and over to Aunt Tillie’s backyard. Then the vision seems to get clear and he nodded energetically† (Oates 624). He continues to tell Connie things that a stranger should not know about her and her surroundings. He talks to Connie about an â€Å"Old woman down the road,† and Connie replies that she is dead. Not only does his knowledge of the old woman being Connie’s neighbor portray the devil and give off a frightening vibe to Connie, but also the knowledge of her death as if he were scaring Connie. Arnold slightly even gives Connie a little foreshadowing of her future with him. Through manipulation, image, and knowledge Arnold Friend conveys an image of the evil and the devil and gives off a frightening vibe to Connie. He tries to hide his true self and give out this image of the typical guy that Connie would be interested. He used that Rock amp; Roll pop culture to lure in Connie and than used his knowledge to frighten and manipulate her into selling her soul to him. Works Cited Oates, Joyce Carol. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been†? Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 7th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2010. 615-28. Print.

Employee recruitment in China

Employee recruitment in China Introduction The introduction of the ‘‘open-door policy in 1978 has sparked exceptional economic growth in mainland China. A significant driving force of this remarkable economic feat remains China as one of the worlds most attractive destinations for foreign capital investment. In 2008, â€Å"foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows reached US$109 billion and recorded a period growth of 41.1% in real terms between 2003 and 2008†. The Chinese government generally welcomes foreign investment and implements a wide range of incentive policies to foreign businesses (Euromonitor, 2010). With the growing importance of the Chinese domestic market to the world economy and introduction of government incentives, large number of international companies has established operations in China. The opening up of the vast market has formed many opportunities and, at the same time, created many problems to foreign enterprises (Siu Darby, 1999). This mainly because of the unique political, economi c and cultural environment different in China, it led foreign investors or expatriates manager difficult to introduce their preferred approach in managing the employees and the organisation in China (Siu Darby, 1999). Human resource management is one of the mostly frequently discussed ( Bjorkman Lu, 1999), as well as managing local Chinese employees away from ones home office is never an easy task (Gross, 2007). The purpose of this working paper is to review the major HRM challenges of multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in China; the issues they faces when trying to apply global corporate HR policies in Chin with a focus on their justice implications. It begins with review of the recent China employment and recruitment situations, and then the evidences of challenges issues facing of MNE in Chinas HRM practices. In the following section includes several major HR critical issues in training and development and staff retaining. At the end of the section, major issues of employees management included leader developing, cross-cultural expatriates management and managerial effectiveness in cross-cultural are individually introduced. A research area is then identified in the conclusions. Recruitment Recruitment is about selecting and recruiting employees. The purposes of recruitment help MNE to meet the organization everyday jobs, legal and social obligations regarding the composition of the workforce. This increases organizational and individual effectiveness in the short term and the long term (Schuler and Huber, 1993). Analysed by most of the MNE industries, online advertising of recruitment is now a standard part of the recruitment process for them. It has been embraced by technology companies like IBM and cosmetics company Loreal in China evaluates their prospects from online recruitment (Xinhua News Agency, 2010). However, many multinational companies assume that a country with a population as large as Chinas would not have a labor shortage. In fact, the rising demand for Chinese labor has exceeded its supply, and hiring talented employees is even more difficult (Gross Connor, 2007). Chinas rapid economic growth has caused the countrys huge labour force faces difficulty i n providing the right skills needed for many foreign companies. Research found that this is mainly due to inadequate and out-of-date university training; graduates often do not possess the required skills including computer literacy and foreign languages. Cheap labour costs have long been history Chinas advantage over other developing countries which enhance the countrys competitiveness in attracting FDI. But Chinas booming coastal cities are now actually facing a shortage of manual labour, become a major issue for most MNEs manufacturing sector suffer in manual labour recruiting (CRIENGLISH.com, 2010). Guangdong, one of the economic powerhouses in South China Province, reported a shortage of half a million workers as business has skyrocketing for many companies (Xinhua News Agency, 2010). Some manufacturers closed down production lines because they could not find enough workers. â€Å"Low-wage workers are fading from the scene†, leading foreigner investors struggle with near double-digit unemployment (Xinhua News Agency, 2010). However, â€Å"higher wages could ease labor shortages by prompting factories to reduce their work forces† (New York Times, 2010). Hence the provincial authority has adjusted the minimum wage by an average of 21% to attract the labour mainly blue collar. â€Å"The rise will bring the minimum wage up to 1,030 yuan (150 U.S. dollars) in the provincial capital, Guangzhou, and to 920 yuan in Dongguan, a major manufacturing center† (Xinhua News Agency, 2010). Similarly to other booming regions like coastal cities of Fujian Province, Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City raised its monthly minimum wage rate by 13 percent to 960 yuan. According to Euromonitor (2010), â€Å"Chinas productivity stood at US$6,286 per person employed in 2009, significantly up from US$2,641 in 2004 owing to the countrys strong economic performance†. Critically, recruitment of factories manual labour is becoming an issue for many MNEs in China and employers have to increase their starting pay to attract them. Accordingly, the hiring of blue-collar is getting tougher and tougher in China because of one-child policy adopted by China in 1978. The parents with child born in late 1980 and early1990s are normally at middle-class income groups; as a result they can afford to send their children up to tertiary education. Overtime these groups of children are in the age of 20s now and are more educated and hence no longer willing to work in factories. They are far too optimistic about their career options and see no need to work hundreds of miles from their families. Besides, the new generation of workers born in the 1980s and 1990s are aware of their employment rights. For example, â€Å"unions have begun to aggressively exercise their rights by engaging in organizational efforts with large multinational companies such as Intel after informal discussions have failed† (Gross Connor, 2007). Commonly in China, Younger Chinese become major trends in the current labor market. They not only dem and higher pay but also ask for better opportunities for career development. Similarly, skilled middle managers are extremely sought after (Gross Connor, 2007). The Cultural Revolution had invaded the education of those born between 1950 and 1965 (Wang, 2002). During that time, people of this generation were sent to the countryside to work in agriculture. The so-called â€Å"Cultural Revolution Generations† in China are less recruit due to their lacking in skills (Gross Connor, 2007). While recruiting qualified Chinese labour is challenging from both of legal and human resources standpoint (BizTimes, 2007). Employers that are willing to take the time to understand the Chinese labour market and recent economic trend of employment will likely be successful. Training Training is mainly on-the-job and is seen as a lifelong process (Fischer, 2000). It focuses on employees knowledge, skills, attitudes and personalities (Human Resource Development Review, 2002). These enable staff members to discharge their job related skills and duties professionally and effectively (Grzeda, 1999). Training for newly hired employees have to go classroom curriculum like company policies, labor law, company culture, compensation packages, company expectations, company goals, company KPI (Key Performance Index) and of course hands-on equipment training (Kleiman, 1997). Companies in China for example in Electronic Industries spent between 1 to 3% from the overall input cost on training. (Xiao J Tsang M.C, 1999) But the number is gradually going up for a simple reason due to high attrition rate, particularly amongst the younger workers. The attrition rate always a worsening effect on the company as other FDI move in and attract those workers with managerial experience, offering better pay rates and further training opportunities (Randeree, 2009). The rich and wealthy companies are willing to pay handsomely for the experienced staffs of other companies and competitors. As in common, the culture of pinch staffs from one another is common in China (Wong, 1999). Despite Chinas high adult literacy rate of 94.5% in 2009, the countrys huge labour force faces difficulty in providing the right skills needed to support Chinas rapid economic growth (www.euromonitor .com). Research finding has showed the local Chinese graduates do not possess the required skills including computer literacy and foreign languages due to out-of-date university training. In order to cope with skills shortage problem, training programme provided in MNEs suit various needs (Cheung, 2004). They include overseas training programmes, on-site management skills development programmes and language courses (Wang, 2002). In fact, staff Training can help MNEs in China reduce turnover. Young Chinese professionals and graduates are attracted to the training opportunities that foreign companies can offer (Shen, 2006). Most of Chinese are not well-versed in spoken English language. Many MNEs send their employees for overseas training to enhance themselves in spoken English and true un derstanding of Western business practices (Waxin, 2007). Besides, it also creates a closer bond between employees and a better understanding of company culture (Ritchie et al., 2001). Rather than that, every company has their own training centre equipped with comprehensive training systems and real-live hand-on training equipments. Many of them have established their own training facilities. These programs have proven effective in building company loyalty and increasing retention (Meier, 1995). These may cost heavy, but they cannot do without it. Carrefour China, an example, established a Carrefour China Institute (CCI) in Shanghai in year 2000 to train Chinese managers (China Daily, 12 AUG 2008). Since then, the school has trained about 15,000 managers, and 40,000 employees have attended a range of training programs for self improvement. Regularly, a number of local managers are sent off to Europe for further training to gain greater overseas market knowledge and experience. Wal-Ma rt Chinas regional training centers, also located in Shanghai are other examples of winning internal training programs (Gross and Connor, 2007). Retention The most valuable assets of every MNE are its labor force; retaining them has become a challenge to company management because of varied employee needs (Som, 2005).Employee retention is critically benefited for an organization save the cost of turning over a staff position (Berry, 2008). For most MNEs in China, recruiting is only half the game. However, the biggest challenge that companies face, by a significant margin, is difficult to keep the talent employees as well as attract the excellent and qualified candidates among the masses. It is gradually increase complexity for companies in China to retain key talent, mainly as the lure of higher salaries affect the Chinese to abandon posts for more lucrative positions. Empirical study showed Chinese employees aged between 25 and 29 shift jobs most frequently, which implies this group of employees is the hardest to retain (www.mercer.com.hk). Hewitts 2009/2010 data shows that most Asian companies continue to experience double-digit volu ntary turnover rate, particularly China reported the top four markets which is the highest turnover rate after India, Australia and New Zealand (www.hewittassociates.com). Obviously, the high employees turnover rate has become the significant issue of most organization. Significantly, it has morale and financial impact on the daily operation of an organization (Cox Blake, 1991). While many would believe comparatively high turnover rate in China mainly due the competition for talent along with better wages offer from competitors (Byman, 2007). MNES move in and attract those worker with managerial experience, offering better training opportunities (Whiteley et al., 2000).The survey of ‘Employee Retention in China 2006–2007 sheds light on why employees determine to stay or leave and what organizations can do to stanch the accelerating outward flow of human talent (Howard et al., 2007). Survey respondents included 215 HR professionals and 862 employees in a wide range of organizations operating in China; while 81 % participants organizations were multinational (Work and life in China, 2008). To summaries the findings, the cause of turnover is the availability of better career opportunities elsewhere, particularly the growing entry of new MNES each year (Tung, 2007). HR professionals from survey described that competitors presenting a better salaries and sufficient compensation, but also noted the impact on retention of regional salary differences between Chinas coastal and inland cities (Howard et al., 2007). Not surprising, organizations that face high employee turnover often suffer negative residual effects among remaining employees. In short, the misunderstanding of employees needs is difficult for a company to retain and prevent turnovers (Branham, 2005).However, successful companies in China rely on a relatively small group of key talent to drive the business forward (Speth and Doeringer, 2006). The key strategy of MNEs applied to retain the talents further discuss in next paragraph. A high rate of turnover usually forces an organization to face difficult dilemmas (Wong. Wong. Hui Law, 2001) More and more people change numerous jobs within a year rather than choose to grow in one; and this has also been a problem for corporate management. Employee turnover demands management attention because it incurs costs in rehiring, training, placement, and motivating employees (Aberra, 2008). However,high employee satisfaction with working style of an organization should bode well for retention (Howard et al., 2007). Retaining often focus on opportunities for employers to promote the right employees or tangible rewards like compensation or remuneration based on appropriate performance appraisal (Whiteley et al., 2000). For instance, a comprehensive reward system can be a kind of rewarding either pay for hours worked or pay for pieces of work completed. Besides, most companies have retention bonuses to retain the key staffs and key talents. Some of the retention programs ar e sponsor for further educations, overseas training, stocks option and career advancement opportunities (Branham, 2001). Of cause conditionally, the employees who took the programs like further educations or overseas training have to be borne with company for number of years pending the amount spent. Commonly, talented employees would be less likely to leave the company ones if they are well compensated and motivated (Hong Chao, 2007 p. 217). However, sometimes retention method was inconsistent with its value in specific instances. Therefore, organizations should aware to these specialized occasions when developing strategies for retaining talent. Managing Employees Leaders developing For foreign companies operating in China, the difficulties are magnified by the talent shortage for future leader, particularly of managers and executives. For example, approximately 60% of companies surveyed in Hewitts 2003 Best Employers in China study reported shortages in leadership skills (www. hewittassociates.com). It further reported many talented executive have been lured away from an MNE job into a well-paid position with a leading Chinese company. For many foreign investors, developing future leaders tends to be very difficult in China mainly of rapid turnover. A good example is the America firm Leshan-phoenix Semiconductor Cooperation, in Sichuan Province, struggling with annual turnover rates of their local managers of 20% or more (onsemiconductor.com, 2010). This is mainly because demand for strong leadership executives far exceeds supply; they are tempted to leave their current position for higher pay and a bigger title (Meridian Resources, 2007). In fact, a competent leader helps multi-national corporations work effectively in the Chinese workplace. As foreign company enter fully into China marketplace, it forming competing domestically with local corporations. High turnover makes planned, consistent leadership development extremely difficult. Cross-cultural expatriates management China is the top expatriates destination followed by the U.S., UK, Singapore and Switzerland, survey reveals (kwintessential.co.uk, 2009). But, predicament comes from greatest challenges of expatriates failure grown concern for many multinationals in the evaluation of managerial performance (Leunga and Kwong, 1999). Evidence, empirical figures finds Western expatriate failures in China to range as wide as 25% to 70% (Harzing, 2002; Selmer, 2002). Significantly, such high failure rates potential impact business relationships between Western expatriates and Chinese organizations. Whereby, a financial loss can be inferred, due to damage to business relationships as a result of low commitment levels commited by expatriate (Lund Barker, 2004; Harzing, 2002). Lund Barker (2004) further cited such financial loss is estimated to range from US$250,000 to US$ 1,000,000 per expatriate. Further, Goodall Warner cited in Black (1988), 2007) showed there is high percentage up to 40% of expatriate managers terminated their foreign assignments early of their poor performance. Eventually it represents the organizational failure to manage human resources internationally (moinul.com, 2007). However, there might be several reasons why many expatriates fail to deliver the objectives. Research found that (Hays, 1974; Feng Pearson, 1999), they are three exact dimensions have been recognized as related with their overseas performance: the environment, the task, and the individual. This is due to expatriates are often faced with radically unfamiliar cultures, politics, language differences, length of assignment, and legal systems (Rahim, 1983; Feng Pearson, 1999). Sometimes, there is not inability from expatriates, but culture conflict affect local Chinese managers are less likely than their foreign counterpart to handle independent decision making responsibilities (Leunga Kwong, 1999). Chinese and expatriate managers may have different principles in judging within their job scope as well as criteria used for performance evaluation. Managerial effectiveness in cross-cultural Culture is an important contextual issue in employees management study. In general, management is closely related to the culture (Drucker, 2003). According to Wang (2002), the communist style of education and the long history of China differentiate the cultures of organization management between Mainland China from those of Asian countries, American and European cultures. This is especially true for MNEs who have operations on a global scale and employ people of different countries, ethical and cultural backgrounds. Cultural difference can have a direct impact on individual managerial effectiveness (Goodall Warner, 2007). It affects the motivation and satisfaction manager as well as staff; and effectiveness of key organizational systems such as recruitment, training, performance evaluation and rewards (Goodall Warner, 2007). Sometimes cultural sensitivity drove the management effort since the different in culture of management concept. Take the case study of Japanese T.L. Electroni cs Company based in China for example, the Chinese workers commented the style of Japanese management is not conductive their expectation (Whiteley et al., 2000). It is generally assumed the HR management approach is due to remarkable cultural difference between the parent country and the host country. In fact, a MNE should focus on a combination of global integration and local adaptation, allowing its employees to â€Å"think globally, act locally†. To ensure global thinking, the global company has to encourage the local employees to accept the corporate culture and values. For instance, Chinese employee who employed in the Western setting is encouraged to learn the Western-style organization management and communication skills. Meanwhile, operations of the Company have to adjust to comply with the legal requirements and services that reflect the Chinese culture. Conclusions In conclusions, recruiting the right people, training in right time, retaining the best staff, and employees empowerment of recent human resource management are difficult tasks for any MNEs operating in China. Chinas rapid economic growth has created more job opportunities but it also creates more opportunities for labour turnover to others organizations with higher paid indeed. This heavy labour turnover in China has been a substantial problem in managing Chinese employees .This hindered many multinational corporations localization plans because those talents who have been trained for succession have usually ended up as the focus of aggressive recruiting efforts by other organizations. Eventually, they face a dilemma of whether it is worthwhile to invest in better compensation packages and training programs, because it might possible happen with the employees leaving the organizations at the end. However, every issue has its balanced view of its advantages. Still, China Government, Provincial Government, City and Town Government give the best support to foreign investors in terms tax rebate, , free land, training cost subsidizes and so forth. Even though the labour cost (cost on training and wages) is growing fast in China but it is still cheaper than America, Europe and most of well to-do countries in Asia like Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. At least, the great population of China is having highly educated workforce with hungry for knowledge, it is easily trainable. References Xinhua News Agency, 2010. ‘Chinese manufacturers learn to love labor lost http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-03/25/c_13224772.htm Gross, A., Connor, A. (2007). China Recruiting and Retention Issues http://www.pacificbridge.com/publication.asp?id=81 BizTimes. (2007). Employee recruitment in China is challenging New York Times. 2010. ‘Defying Global Slump, China Has Labor Shortage http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/27/business/global/27yuan.html

Causes Of The Punic Wars History Essay

Causes Of The Punic Wars History Essay The Punic Wars were a sequence of three battles that were fought in the period 264 to 146 BC between Rome and Carthage. They were the largest battles of the time. The main reason for the occurrence of the battles was the conflict in the vested interests of the Carthagian Empire and the rapidly expanding Roman Empire. The Romans saw the need to expand their vast empire through Sicily, which was then an important hub, and was partly under Carthagian control. Carthage, being the dominant power in the West of the Mediterranean and strong in its naval power, resisted all advances by the Roman Empire, which was an extensive maritime empire. This resulted in the first of three major wars that were characterized by a number of battles. At the end of wars fought for over a century, Rome emerged victorious in the Roman-Syrian War with the defeat of Seleucid King Antiochus III the Great and went on to be one of the most powerful empires of the time till the fifth century A.D Carthage was a powerful thalassocratic city in modern day Tunisia. It had the largest navy and fought its wars through mercenaries, especially Numidian, rather than a permanent, standing army as was the case with the Roman Empire. In 264 BC, the Roman Empire conquered the Italian peninsula to the south of River Po bringing the conflict between the two rivals to a boiling point. This triggered the First Punic War that lasted between 264-241 BC. The First Punic War was mainly a naval war which was also partly fought on land in Sicily between Hiero II of Syracuse and Mamertines of Messina. The Mamertines first enlisted the help of the Carthagians but went on to betray them and sign a treaty with the Roman Senate. This led to the Carthagians to directly support Hiero bringing them at loggerheads with the Roman Empire for the control of Sicily. In 261 BC, after a defeat at the Battle of Agrigentum, the Carthagians resolved to fight their battles at sea rather than on land. They consequently successfully fought the Romans at the Battle of the Lipari Islands in 260 BC. Rome decided to expand its existing fleets to over 100 warships in two months so as to counter the all-powerful Carthagians in the sea. They were specifically designed to incorporate a Corvus so as to facilitate sinking and ramming of Carthagian ships. This guaranteed a stream of successes for the Roman infantries except for the Battle of Tunis. In 241 BC, the Cart hagians signed a peace treaty with the Romans in which they were forced to evacuate Sicily In addition to paying an enormous war indemnity. Further, in 238 BC, the Carthagians lost the islands of Sardinia and Corsica to Rome during the Mercenary War. This ensured that Rome was the superpower and could comfortably control any sea-borne or land invasion of Italy, all sea trade routes in the Mediterranean and further invade foreign shores so as to expand the Empire. Rome further fought and conquered colonies through the Illyrian Wars. Carthage was however forced to retreat and build its finances and expand its empire in Hispania. In the ensuing period between 238 BC and 219 BC, several trade agreements and mutual alliances between Carthage and Rome took place. These treaties were mainly about the release of all 8,000 Roman prisoners without ransom and the handing over of all deserters serving in the Carthage army. This latter section of the agreement was not adhered to leading to a reject of the treaty by the Roman senate and an increase in the indemnity fines. This therefore resulted in a liquidity problem in Carthage leading to the Mercenary war in which the mercenaries that had previously fought for Carthage to revolt due to loss of power over the sea-ways. With a comfortable win, Carthage and Rome enjoyed relative peace till 219 BC when Hannibal, having silver riches conquered by his predecessor Hamilcar Barca and a large native army from the subdued native tribes such as the Celts of the Po River, attacked Saguntum which was by then under special protection by Rome under conquest termed as the Iberian Co nquest. The Second Punic War occurred between 218-201 BC. Hannibal, leading the Barcid Empire, and allied to the Carthagians, crossed the Alps and invaded Italy in a series of highly successful battles. Hannibal, however, never attained the goal of creating a major division between Rome and its allies. These wars were fought on three frontiers. First, in Italy, Hannibal fought the Romans; secondly, in Hispania, Hasdrubal, a brother to Hannibal, constantly defended the colonies conquered and finally in Sicily, Rome fought for control which was further troubled by the continuing First Macedonian War. After a successful attack on Saguntum, Hannibal went further on to surprise the Romans by attacking Italy. Although he managed to win that particular battle, and also the Battle of Trebia, The Battle of Trasimene and the Battle of Cannae; he lost his only siege engines and most of the elephants and men to the icy mountains thereby strategically losing the battle in Rome which would have ensured a win of the entire war. His war strategy, which was to turn the allies of Rome against it since he could not take Rome on due to insufficient men, failed. Except for a few southern states, the rest remained loyal. Rome further drafted army after army after the defeats which ensured Hannibal was cut off from aid. Hannibal also never received any substantial reinforcements from Carthage which prevented him from decisively conquering Rome and ending the war at a win. The war raged for fifteen years during which the Roman Empire was unable to conclusively end the battle since Hannibal was a master general coupled with the fact that they were already engaged in the Macedonian Wars. Hannibal, realizing he was eventually running out of supplies, decided to retreat to his home base in Africa in aid to an attack waged by Rome but was thoroughly defeated in The Battle of Zama. In Hispania, Hasdrubal was soundly defeated by a young Roman commander, Publius Cornelius Scorpio. He therefore decide d to abandon Hispania so as to reinforce his brother Hannibal. This alliance was later trampled upon ending the Second Punic War in 201 BC. The Third Punic War, which lasted between 149-146 BC, was invoked by the extended Siege by Rome on Carthage and its consequent complete destruction. There was growing resurgence by Hispania and Greece against Rome coupled with the tangible increase in Carthagian wealth and martial power. The Roman Treaty incorporated a clause in which Carthage was to have no military thereby suffering attacks from the neighboring Numidia, a favorite of the Roman Empire. All arbitrations were done by the Roman Senate which was heavily in favor of Numidia. After 50 years since the end of the Second Punic War, The Carthagians decided they were no longer bound by the treaty and mustered an army to combat the Numidian attacks. This Punic Militarism was heavily objected to by Rome especially by Cato the Elder who declared that Carthage must be destroyed. In 149 BC, Rome issued demands that could not be met such as the proposal to demolish Carthage and build it further from the coast into the interiors of A frica. This drew Carthage into an open fight with the Romans. Over a short period, Carthagians innovatively made a myriad of weapons and were able to resist initial Roman attacks on their city. However, a three year siege on the city ended the war in which the walls of the city were breached by the Romans under the command of Scipio Aemilianus, who burnt the city to the ground and aggrandized other Carthagian settlements. The Carthagians who were not killed were sold into slavery. This brought the Carthagian Empire to an end.

Ann Hopkins Essay -- essays research papers fc

Legal Analysis Model The relevant facts According to the case, Ann Hopkins had worked successfully for Price Waterhouse since 1978 and was â€Å"nominated for partnership at Price Waterhouse in 1982.† (p. 1) Out of 88 candidates she was the only woman. In the admissions process, forms were sent out to all Price Waterhouse partners of whom there were 662. These partners then submitted their comments about the candidates. . Only â€Å"thirty-two partners, all male, responded about Hopkins.† (p. 5) The forms were then tabulated to achieve a statistical rating in order to determine if the candidate should be admitted to the partnership. Of the 88 candidates â€Å"Price Waterhouse offered partnerships to 47 of them, rejected 21, and placed 20, including Hopkins, on hold.† (p. 1) â€Å"Some candidates had been held because of concerns about their interpersonal skills.† â€Å"the Policy Board takes evaluations or a negative reaction on this basis very seriously,† even if the negative commen ts on short form evaluations were based upon less contact with the candidate than glowing reports on long forms evaluations based on more extensive contact. The policy board had however, recommended and elected two candidates "criticized for their interpersonal skills†. (p. 4) Approximately 1% of the 662 partners were women. Price Waterhouse â€Å"gave two explanations for this. One was the relatively recent entry of large numbers of women into accounting and related fields. The other was the success of clients and rival accounting firms in hiring away female potential partners.† (p. 4). After hearing that it was unlikely that she would ever make partner, Ann Hopkins decided to â€Å"initiate a lawsuit charging Price Waterhouse with sex discrimination†. She had been a valuable and productive member of the organization and it appears that she was denied admission as a partner since she did not fit the feminine stereotype. Critical issues – Legal There is evidence of Intentional Discrimination by Price Waterhouse and its employees based on sexual stereotype. Appropriate legal rules According to Corley, Reed, Shedd, and Morehead, (2001) â€Å"the most important statue eliminating discriminatory employment practices, however, is the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act o 1972 and the Civil Rights Act of 1991.† The appropriation section o... ... order to examine and evaluate the ethical questions? The assumption that needs to be made in analyzing the case are that discriminating against an individual based on a deviation from the accepted stereotype for their gender is morally unacceptable. Ethically, what should be done? Price Waterhouse should educate its partners and employees about accepted work practices and should institute diversity training in order to educate members that stereotyping is unacceptable. Ann Hopkins should be admitted as partner to the firm and welcomed as a valuable addition to senior management. Works Cited Civil Rights Act of 1964. 2 July 1964. U.S. Department of State. 12 Sept. 2004. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civilr19.htm Civil Rights Act of 1991. 8 March 1991. U.S. Department of State. 12 Sept. 2004. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civil91.htm Harvard Business School. Ann Hopkins (A). Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 1991. Velasquez, Manuel G. (2002) Owen, C., (5th Ed.). Business Ethics Concepts and Cases. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

Reasons Huck Finn isn't racist The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not a racist novel. This novel has been subject to much controversy about whether or not the book is racist. Whilst many believe the novel to be non racist, there a few people out there who believe it is. This is just not true. This essay will show you why this novel is not racist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huck Finn is the main character in this novel; he is an uneducated, uncivilized, backwoods hick. Huck uses the word ‘nigger’ many times throughout this story. What many people have not come to realize is that at this point in time the word nigger was no more offensive then calling another man ‘white’. All slaves in that time were referred to as ‘niggers’. At this point in time that word is very hurtful to the black community when used offensively. Huck using the word only reinforces the idea that he was in fact uneducated and it shows what kind a vocabulary to have expected from a young southern boy. In fact if that word wasn’t used in the novel it wouldn’t be as realistic as it is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The costar of this novel is a runaway slave named Jim. Jim is a caring friend, a devoted husband, and a loving father. Many people believe that Jim is portrayed as silly and uneducated. Those people have failed to realize that this book is written through a child’s point of view. Before Huck gets to know Jim for the man he really is this is how Huck perceives him. Although Jim is perceived as stupid it’s because he is. Jim has probably lived his life as a slave and has a slaves’ education. This book wasn’t written to show how stupid the slaves were, although it somewhat did, but rather to express the situation of slaves being uneducated at the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third reason why this is not a racist piece of literature is it shows that there in no racial boundrys in love and compassion for another human being. It shows the development of Huck and Jims’ father and son type of relationship. This novel concretely shows that relationships of any sort are not bound by race. The novel also shows how one’s ideals can change in spite of what you have been taught. Huck deciding that he would go to hell to help Jim escape to freedom is probably the most non racist part of the whole novel, and it is what the book is built upon.

Dowry, an Investment System

Dowry system is when the bride’s family gives goods, money, or estate to her husband and his family during marriage (E. Pauls Prine (Ed. ), 2008). This practice is mostly common in South Asia, specifically the Indian culture (E. Pauls Prine (Ed. ), 2008). On the other hand is the practice of bride price system which is where the husband gives cattle, land or goods in exchange for a woman’s hand in marriage (Schwimmer, 2002). This is mostly practiced in Africa among traditional households, where it is a price for the economic services and children a woman adds to another family (Schwimmer, 2002).Dowry and bride price are mostly practiced in exchange for the bride’s well being (E. Pauls Prine (Ed. ), 2008). There is a strong possibility that a wife might be mistreated if the dowry was not enough or satisfying for the groom’s family (E. Pauls Prine (Ed. ), 2008). Most times if the husband leaves or mistreats his wife the dowry is to be returned to her (E. Pau ls Prine (Ed. ), 2008). It is also used as a means to discharge a husband of his duties to provide well for his wife, this is most common in marriages where two young people are wedded (E.Pauls Prine (Ed. ), 2008). Although the practice of dowry from the bride’s family to the groom’s is a norm in the Indian culture it the opposite for the African culture. Where as in Africa a groom’s family gives bride price to the bride’s family. These practices seen in the context of their culture are completely normal, but seen from a modern perspective are primitive and inhumane since they resemble a system of slave exchange (Schwimmer, 2002). This is due to the over turn in the practice in the twentieth century.In South Asian culture dowries have been demanded and paid to the groom’s family conjugating the term â€Å"groom price† (Maitra, 2007). In India it is evident that there is a great inflation in dowry practice (Maitra, 2007). There was also an ev ident increase in violence against brides who were unable to fulfill the dowry payment demanded (Maitra, 2007) . This was against the fact that in 1961 there was a Dowry Prohibition Act which made it illegal to give dowries (Maitra, 2007). This has flamed many women’s rights issues due to many cases of mistreatment of brides in India (Dowry system in, 2010).It is also criticized because it is not to provide for the bride in unforeseen circumstances but to appease the groom’s family’s greed (Dowry system in, 2010). For example, it was reported by the Vancouver Sun that a bride had died and her 13-month old daughter had suffered severe burns after the bride’s family started a fire after being dissatisfied with the dowry (Nelson, 2012). The article also highlighted that such dowry dissatisfaction causes for deaths of up to 8, 000 women in India each year (Nelson, 2012).Therefore, even though there is awareness of the cause of such mistreatment against women in India it is still a norm to practice dowry which can possibly put a daughter’s life in danger. Where as in the African culture the system of bride price is most practiced. Here bride payments are mostly interpreted as the wealth received by the bride’s family which compensates for the daughter that will be of economic use and will bare children for another family (Schwimmer, 2002). Among the Dani of New Guinea there are 3 occasions where a groom must give a bride’s family valuables, such a cattle or shells (Schwimmer, 2002).First, when the groom marries the bride and she starts working on his farm; second, when the groom has sexual rights to the bride and consummates the marriage; third, when his wife bears a child (Schwimmer, 2002). In the Igbo culture of South Africa, bride price is considered as the payment to have fertile woman and if the bride is not fertile or chooses to leave the marriage before producing children she must return the wealth given to he r family by the groom (Schwimmer, 2002). With such cases of bride price many men choose marry many women and it is usually the older man that marry before the young (Schwimmer, 2002).This is due to the fact that older men have had the time to accumulate more wealth and necessary resources to pay for a bride (Schwimmer, 2002). Such practices have also raised cases where the brides have been divorced or are infertility so the families of the bride have to return the price paid to the groom (Schwimmer, 2002). For example, in the Zulu culture in South Africa there is an exchange of cattle among the groom and the bride’s father or brother (Schwimmer, 2002). This exchange is called lobola and has to be returned if the bride is divorced or cannot bare children (Schwimmer, 2002).Also, in such cultures when a son receives his first lobola from his daughter’s marriage he must give it to his father as repayment for his marriage (Schwimmer, 2002). These practices observed by outsi des would resemble much to slave exchange; morally this is wrong yet it is normally practiced in South Africa because of its wide acceptance in the culture (Schwimmer, 2002). In conclusion, from an anthropological point of view there is a cultural norm set by traditions and human greed which causes for such immoral practices of dowry and bride price.Although, these practices are considered a norm in these cultures, an outsider observing would be very shocked to see such inhumane treatment of women. This is a type of degradation which is still to this day present even with government laws which prohibit against it (Dowry system in, 2010). In order for such practices to become a rarity and not a norm a strong education system for women is important this is a suggestion and an observation an anthropologist would make with a moral leniency. Bibliography: Nelson, D. (2012, 10 16). Woman dies in dowry spat.The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved from http://www. vancouversun. com/Woman+dies+dowry+sp at/7395783/story. html Woman in coma after suicide attempt dies in sardarnagar. (2012, 10 30). Times Of India. Retrieved from http://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/city/ahmedabad/Woman-in-coma-after-suicide-attempt-dies-in-Sardarnagar/articleshow/17012521. cms Dowry system in india. In (2010). Country Facts & Information. Kwintessential Ltd. Retrieved from http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/articles/india/Dowry-System-in-India/3024 Dowry. In (2008). E. Pauls Prine (Ed. , Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/170540/dowry Maitra, S. (2007). Dowry and bride price. In (2nd ed. ). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Retrieved from http://dept. econ. yorku. ca/~smaitra/SMaitra_IESS. pdf Schwimmer, B. (2002, 05). Bride wealth. Retrieved from http://www. umanitoba. ca/faculties/arts/anthropology/tutor/marriage/bride_wealth. html (Schwimmer, 2002) Bridewealth. In (2012). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www. britannic a. com/EBchecked/topic/79255/bridewealth

Full Text Search in Ruby

Full text bet is a technique for expecting a document or database stored in the computer. A full text see railway locomotive examines all the spoken language, in every stored document, to hold fast a match of the keyword looked by the user. numerous web sites and application programs provide full-text essay capabilities. There are quite a few extracts when it comes to adding a full text try in a rubicund on Rails application. A choice trick be made on the basis of the language the search locomotive is written in or the scalability options worthy for the application.Acts As magnateed being a excellent Ruby implementation makes for a slam that is totally portable, and suitable for almost either application requiring full text search capabilities. Search queries support many stock(a) boolean operators, namely exclusion of a term through the use of - and the matching of phrases through the use of quotation marks. It is efficacious in case of a elemental site and have to implement a basic search very quickly. hunt is a full text search engine library written for rubicund implemented in a runway application by the Acts As hound plugin.It is inspired by the Apache Lucene coffee bean project. The prototypal step to implementing a search is to bewilder an list built and then the index is searched for the documents having the keyword. One of the more useful features in particular in a web scenario is play up the matched words. This is made trivial by Indexs highlight method. Its withal possible to use Ferret as a more general aim data store Xapian is written in C++ with bindings to allow use from Perl, Python, PHP, Java, Tcl, C and Ruby.An important feature of Xapian is the Ranked probabilistic search important words get more weight than unimportant words so more relevant results calculate at the top. It also supports Synonyms as an autoloading(prenominal) form of query expansion and eject even suggest spelling department of corre ctions for user supplied queries. Full range of unified boolean search operators (stock non market, etc). Sphinx, written in C++, is the most logical successor to Ultrasphinx, since some(prenominal) utilize Sphinx as the search innkeeper.Sphinx plant by reading information turn out of the database to build the search index. Communication with the Sphinx server occurs by sharing C objects everyplace sockets. A variety of text impact features enable fine-tuning Sphinx for application requirements, and a figure of speech of relevance functions ensures you can tweak search quality as well. sunspot is a Ruby library for expressive, powerful interaction with the Solr search engine. Sunspot uses Solr, a Java search server built on the Lucene search library.It provides robust, flexible full-text search with no boolean queries and no string programming. Solr servers can be clustered and since they manage the index, Sunspot can automatically update the indexes when the pretense ob jects change. Theres no need to run a cron job to reindex the data or setup delta indexing the like with Sphinx. Thus we see that Full text search has come a foresightful way since the early days of Ferret. The mutual exclusiveness of Ultrasphinx, once the most preferred, with Rails 3. resulted in the emergence of Sphinx and Sunspot as favourites. Solr is a compelling alternative to Sphinx, since the most ascendable Web apps (Facebook, Twitter) use Java bottomland the UI layer. Xapian can be considered as the best(p) option whenever ranked probabilistic search is required. Acts_As_Indexed, written entirely in Ruby, deeds out great and is very subdued to implement with automatic indexing. (ie No cron jobs inevitable to keep the index up to date).

Social Experience

companionable Experience Social experience is a womb-to-tomb neighborly experience by which people make grow their human potential and collar culture. The interaction of earth has been studied through the ages by look aters of any types Darwin, Watson, Freud, Meade and Paigets. They all came up with a different view of how we fortify heartyly. How important atomic number 18 the roles of family, school, peer groups and the media on our spirit development or is it all preordained and instinctual. There are two different theories of what happens in the beginning.Charles Darwin and Sigmund Freud believed that human behaviors were biologically based, that we fork over instinct for human competitiveness, sexual and turned on(p) bonding, and aggressive behavior. The an other(prenominal) school of thought as studied and proven by John B. Watson, blue jean Paigets, and George Herbert Meade was that behaviorism or instincts are learned. Home is where the mettle is and the b eginning of the most important part of our cleverness set in interacting with others and molding our personalities? Family is where we look for nurturing in the early boorhood stages.Ideally family would be the foundation where the child would be given a safe and sympathize with environment, larning them skills, values and beliefs. In situations that lack this at that set out are various levels of dysfunction that appear. This was proven by Harry and Margaret Harlow in the study of social isolation of young children. Total isolation of the child for cardinal months or less go out cause them to plough passive, anxious, and misgivingful when introduced to groups of people, anything longer than that and the child will never fully regain the ability to function in society.Young children learn from their environment and are in the sensorimotor stage as Jena Paigets proclaims in the theory of cognitive development. They experience the sphere merely through their senses in t he ages of 0-2 years. Preoperating(a) stages follows after that from 2-6 years using symbol, language and the beginnings of visual modality and mental thought. The progression of learning in the family teaches us about our race and class in society. sight born into a lower class family are not only affected financially however expectations raft be lower.Families in struggling environments driving force conformity to service of process the family get by scarcely these stresses of social inequality brook make disobedience more prevalent. Families of high standings or wealth fag focus on good judgment, creativity and looking for to the future. Schools twist the second agent of socialization. It enlarges the social world of the child. Gender roles start to emerge. Boys tend to engage in more physical activities outdoors and behaviors inside the schoolroom can become more aggressive. Girls on the other hand typically do chores like help the teacher. They are quieter and bet ter be abided.This brings into play the concrete operational stage of cognitive theory when children become informed of their surroundings. They focus on the how and why of things. Schools also teach an education curriculum some of which is ap upraise only there is also a hidden curriculum, such(prenominal) as spelling bees teaching children there are winners and losers, sports teaching skills of cooperation and competition. School is the first exposure to how the bureaucratic world works with the impersonal rules and strict schedules. This gives them the skill set to cope with the large organizations that may engagement them.The third agent is the peer group a social group whose ingredients have interests, social localise and age in common. George Herbert Meade has a theory of the social egotism. The Self or personality is composed of self awareness and self image it develops only with social experience. It requires imagining the situation from the others point of view. The p eer group can facilitate the knowledge of forming relationships outside of the family. It gives individuals a luck to discuss things of interest that might not be interesting to a parent or a partner.It produces social ties that lead to loyalty and pride in their peer groups which can lead to putting other groups down. We strive for anticipatory socialization which is the learning that takes rove to help a person achieve a desired position, like Eagle Scout in Boys Scouts. The power of peer groups can be substantiative or negative to an adolescent. Challenges of gaining their identities in the absence of the family can leave the peer group as their only source for information. Teenagers are growing up double-quick each day because of divorce and both parents working.They become self sufficient sooner out of necessity rather than choice. The mass media its everywhere 24/7 and it is teaching our children. Is that bad? Socialization through the media is with us for good. There is one set for every person today. We spend half our free metre watching it. Critics on both sides of the political arena have reservations about it. The liberals feel television plays a part in promoting racial and ethnic stereotypes. The conservatives think television is dominated by the liberal elites and their message. The legitimate concern for socialization is the amount of violence on the airways.Can it be healthy for a young child to watch people killed or better yet play a video game and be the one doing the killing? Media should never become the babysitter, parent and friend. The mind will become an unimaginative place if we stare to long at soulfulness elses imagination. It is already taking a toll on the health of our children with obesity rates getting higher every day. I can remember acting outside on the neighborhood streets till dusk. travel bikes and walking to the local grocery store. Television is a good form of entertainment I fear based on the material in the book.It is turn an obsession. The most important part of socialization will always be the family. This is where you should be able to go to feel safe. This is where you start and can continue to have a foundation to life. In the reading of the more theorists there is development along the way besides none of it as important as the things you learn in the beginning. Family is your tribe, your survival group. It doesnt necessarily have to be a blood relative however the socialization needs to begin somewhere with someone for us to become a responsible member of society.