Mexico-United States Relations - 573 Words

Mexico-United States relations are of a comfortable nature, with each working in tandem for prevention of illegal trade, reduction of illegal immigration and economic prosperity through the North American Free Trade Agreement. It seems as though the two primary themes of these relations would be conflict and cooperation, conflict in the form of 19th and 20th century warfare such as the Mexican-American War, and cooperation trailblazing it’s way in the form of the NAFTA. Politically, the two countries share many common interests at the border and further inland. Economically, the two countries are each other’s first and third largest trading partners. In 2010, Mexico’s exports totaled $300 billion, almost three quarters of which were made by the United States. Environmentally, during hurricane Katrina in 2005 the Mexican Government sent over 250 tons of food, water and various other care package items for aid, and the Mexican Red Cross donated two million dollars for clean up after the storm had cleared and people rescued. Immigration wise, there are over one million U.S. citizens living in Mexico and Mexico is the number one source of immigrants to the United States. Illegal immigration, in addition to illegal trade in drugs and firearms, have been causes of strife but have also provided cooperation in the tampering of such issues. As of 2009, 62% of undocumented immigrants in the United States originate from Mexico. Commonly, individuals referred to as â€Å"coyotes† smuggleShow MoreRelatedRelations Between The United States And Mexico1218 Words   |  5 Pagesfree - trade agreements gradually canceled and the objection of immigrants from Mexico. These problems have led the United States are in an alarming condition. The United States will meet many difficulties in controlling these situations inside the country. The relationship between the United States and Mexico have never reconciled because of Mexican Wall. Latin America will not be a priority in the external relations from the White House in the coming period. In fact, to this point of U.S foreignRead MoreHistory Of Relations Between Mexico And The United States862 Words   |  4 PagesMakenzie Jensen May 5, 2015 English--3rd Social Studies--2nd Mexican War â€Å"The most dramatic event in the history of relations between Mexico and the United States took place a century and a half ago.† (Document C, Paragraph 1) The Mexican War started in 1846, and ended in 1848. President Polk and Texas agreed that the Texas-Mexico border was the Rio Grande River. But when President James K. Polk heard Mexicans were the first to fire upon Americans at Texas, America was prepared to go to war. TheRead MoreRelations between Mexico and The United States Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesRelations between Mexico and The United States â€Å"Poor Mexico, so far from God, and so close to the United States.† -Pofirio Diaz Mexico is one of the most populated and industrialized of the third world nations, yet it remains very impoverished in comparison to it’s northern neighbor. Recently Mexico has been the third largest trading partner of the United States, has become an important exporter of petroleum and plays a pivotal role in the politics of the region. Yet MexicoRead MoreThe Sleep Dealer : An Alien Body3180 Words   |  13 Pagestransformed into an alien body. This alien body is not a strange green-skinned visitor from another planet, it is the body of a young Mexican man named Memo who has been forced to ‘upgrade’ his physical body in order to work in an advanced factory on the US/Mexico border. In a close up we see a shot of Memo, who has been connected to a machine while his arms and his back are covered in sockets and cables. Ensnared in this web of glowing blue sockets and aging cyber-tech, the young man goes about his work,Read More Cuban Relations Essay4043 Words   |  17 PagesCuban Relations In the year 1959 a politician named Fidel Castro led a revolution against the Cuban government under Fulgencio Batista. Castro used his influence to persuade the Cuban people to fight for him in the revolution against Batista’s government. With the people on his side, Castro successfully overthrew the Cuban government and was eventually elected President. These people believed in Castro, and that he would make Cuba a better place to live and work in. Once Fidel Castro hadRead MoreAmericans and Cubans Approaches to the Platt Amendment1518 Words   |  7 Pagessort of control and a permanent existence after withdrawing their military from Cuba. The Cubans feel that this amendment has made it possible for the U.S. to cause trouble or intervene anytime they want. The majority of the problems in U.S. relations with Cuba begin in 1953. The U.S. backed Fulgenico Batista, who was in charge of Cuba, but not favored by the Cuban people. On July 26, 1953, Fidel Castro led a revolt against Batista and failed. Castro and his brother were captured and placed inRead More The US Embargo on Cuba Essay3551 Words   |  15 PagesThe US Embargo on Cuba I. Introduction In 1959, Cubareceived 74 percent of its imports from the US, and the US received 65 percentof Cuba’s exports. On February 3, 1962, the United States imposed a fulltrade embargo on Cuba, completely ending any type of trade between the twocountries. This embargo remains in effect today, more than four decades later,and has grown ! to be a huge center of debate and controversy (DeVarona 8).Opponents to the embargo argue that the embargo does nothing moreRead More The Cuban Embargo: An Economic Sanction that Never Achieved its Goals. Close, But No Cigar.4307 Words   |  18 PagesBatista took power of Cuba in a bloodless coup. His rule left the island in discontent and led to many movements to return the country to its constitutional rule of 1940. On January 1st, 1959 Batista and his family fled Cuba. On January 7th, the United States officially recognized a government that Fidel Castro had taken control of with promises of a return to a constitutional government and democrat ic elections. Soon, Fidel began nationalizing all private businesses and land. When US refineriesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bay Of Pigs Invasion2708 Words   |  11 Pagesis the capacity for rational thought, or to think logically (http://www.essentiallifeskills.net/). The Butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_effect). This paper will attempt to analysis the Bay of Pigs invasion that occurred 17 April 1961, to use the Butterfly effect and to introduce Intelligence PlatformsRead MoreThe United States Senator For California1795 Words   |  8 PagesBarbara Boxer stated, â€Å"even if I have to stand alone, I will not be afraid to stand alone. I’m going to fight for you. I’m going to fight for what’s right.† She is a member of the Democratic Party. Barbara Boxer, the United States Senator for California, is a very strident, harsh person. However, her aggressive nature and strong voice as a Senate are qualities necessary to fight for her view on environmental issues, feminisms, immigration policy, and the U.S. involvement in Iran. Barbara Levy was

Definition of the Hastert Rule

The Hastert Rule is an informal policy in House Republican leadership designed to limit the debate on bills that dont have support from a majority of its conference. When Republicans hold a majority in the 435-member House, they use the Hastert Rule to forbid any legislation that doesnt have support from a majority of the majority from coming up for a vote. What does that mean? It means if Republicans control the House and piece of legislation must have the support of most members of the GOP to see a vote on the floor. The Hastert Rule is much less rigid that the 80-percent rule held by the ultraconservative House Freedom Caucus. The Hastert Rule is named for former  Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert, a Republican from Illinois who served as the chambers longest-serving  speaker, from 1998 until his resignation in 2007. Hastert believed the role of a speaker was, in his words, not to expedite legislation that runs counter to the wishes of the majority of his majority. Previous Republican speakers of the House followed the same guiding principle, including former U.S. Rep. Newt Gingrich. Criticism of the Hastert Rule Critics of the Hastert Rule say its too rigid and limits debate on important national issues while issues favored by Republicans get attention. In other words, it puts the interests of a political party over the interests of people. Critics also blame the Hastert Rule for spiking House action on any legislation passed in a bipartisan fashion in the U.S. Senate. The Hastert Rule was blamed, for example,  for holding up House votes on the farm bill and immigration reform in 2013. Hastert himself attempted to distance himself from the rule during the government shutdown of 2013, when Republican House Speaker John Boehner refused to allow a vote on a measure funding federal government operations under the belief that a conservative bloc of the GOP conference was opposed to it. Hastert told The Daily Beast that the so-called Hastert Rule wasnt really set in stone. â€Å"Generally speaking, I needed to have a majority of my majority, at least half of my conference. This wasn’t a rule  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The Hastert Rule is kind of a misnomer.† He added of Republicans under his leadership:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If we had to work with Democrats, we did.† And in 2019, amid the longest government shutdown in history, a congressman referred to the policy as the stupidest rule ever created - named after somebody who is in prison that has allowed a minority of tyrants in the Congress. (Hastert served 13 months in prison after pleading guilty to violating federal banking laws. He admitted breaking the law to pay hush money to a teenage boy he had sexually molested in the 1960s and 1970s when he was a wrestling coach.) Nonetheless, Hastert is on the record saying the following during his tenure as speaker: On occasion, a particular issue might excite a majority made up mostly of the minority. Campaign finance is a particularly good example of this phenomenon. The job of speaker is not to expedite legislation that runs counter to the wishes of the majority of his majority. Norman Ornstein of the American Enterprise Institute has called the Hastert Rule detrimental in that it puts party ahead of the House as a whole, and therefore the will of the people. As House speakers, he said in 2004,  You are the party leader, but you are ratified by the whole House. You are a constitutional officer. Support for the Hastert Rule Conservative advocacy groups including the Conservative Action Project have argued that the Hastert Rule should be made written policy by the House Republican Conference so the party can remain in good standing with the people who elected them to office. Not only will this rule prevent bad policy being passed against the wishes of the Republican majority, it will strengthen the hand of our leadership in negotiations – knowing that legislation cannot pass the House without significant Republican support, wrote  former Attorney General Edwin Meese and a group of like-minded, prominent conservatives. Such concerns, however, are merely partisan and the Hastert Rule remains an unwritten principle guiding Republican House speakers. Adherence to the Hastert Rule A New York Times analysis of adherence to the Hastert Rule found all Republican House speakers had violated it at one point or another. Boehner had allowed House bills to come up for a vote even though they didnt have support from a majority of the majority. Also in violation of the Hastert Rule at least a dozen times over his career as speaker: Dennis Hastert himself.

To Prepare a Report Free Essays

Restaurant Management System Database Project Report Submitted by: UROOSA RASHID Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Jinnah University for Women 5-C Nazimabad, Karachi 74600 1. Introduction 1. 1 Project Overview This paper outlines a project proposal from the Pakistan Food Restaurant to create a sustainable income stream. We will write a custom essay sample on To Prepare a Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now This project will help Pakistan Food Restaurant to earn part of the money to support and ensure its future. It is being undertaken by us because it covers various aspects of restaurant management system and makes it easy to access the information about the restaurant management system. . 2 Aims and Objectives:The Restaurant Management System project will meet the following objectives: 0 It records the information of customers. 1 It records the information and quantity of orders made by customers along with date. 2 It records the price of food. 3 It will keep records of employees of the restaurant 4 It will also keep record of raw materials, supplies and vendors. 1. 3 Project Scope:This project will keep record of all food items of the restaurant. It also records the information of customers along with all the orders made by them. The orders are recorded according to the date. Computerized receipt is given to the customer with the details of the order and bill. Whenever a customer comes first time then he/she must register him/her self at the counter. Next time the customer comes he/she will not need to register at the counter; there will be already an existing record of that customer. 1. 4 List of Tables and Description :Project consists of following tables: * Customers * Orders * Orderline * Items * Raw material * Supplies * Vendors * Bills * Employees * Chef * Accountant * WaiterDescription of tables: * Customers table consists of ustomer ID, name, Address, Last visit date of customer. It keeps the records of customers. * Orders table keep records of number of orders placed by customers along with OrderID, Order name, Order date, Order time. * Orderline table consists of quantity of orders. * Items table consists of list of food items along with their type, cost, ID. * Raw materials table consists of list of raw materials used to make food items along w ith Material ID, type, Expiry date and Stock date. * Supplies table consists of Quantity, Supply date, Supply time and cost of raw materials provided by vendors/suppliers. Vendors Table consists of VendorID, name, contact number, status of the vendors of the restaurant. * Bills table consists of Receipt no. , cash received, items purchased and total amount of the customers. * Employees table consist of the complete information of the employees of the restaurant. It consists of employee ID, name, address, postal code, contact number, salary, hire date of the employees. * Chef table consists of the speciality of the chefs of the restaurant. * Accountants table consists of the qualification of the accountants of the restaurant. * Waiter table consists of the job description of the waiters. 1. 5 Project Features: Main features of the project are: * Complete Inventory from sale of food items and drinks. * Details of purchases are also maintained. * Reports for all items in stock as well as items to be ordered. * Complete information of employees along with their contact number and ID. * Details of previous orders by a customer. * Computerized receipt generation process. 2. System Design 2. 1 Data Flow Diagram Context Diagram Amount paid Bills Customer Order sent back Placed order Receipt passed 0 Ordering system Received order Items Available Placing order 1. 0 Choosing from items menu Level 0 Items Customer Order report Availability of orders 2. 0 Processing order Bills details to customers Payment by customer Payment process 3. 0 Payment for the order Payment receipt and order Bills 3. ER-Diagram: 4. Snapshots: 5. SQL Portion: create database Restaurant use Restaurant 5. 1 Query for Table ‘customers’ : create table customers(name nchar(20) not null,customer_id int not null primary key,last_visit_date int not null,address varchar(10) null) insert into customers(customer_id,name,address,last_visit_date) values(1,’Ahmed Ali’,’6th Floor,Ambadeep Building,No. 4, K. G. Marg, New Delhi -110001†²,’4/29/2009†²) 5. 2 Query for Table ‘employees’ : create table employees(employee_id int not null primary key,name nchar(20) not null,hire_date datetime not null,postal_code int not null,employee_address nvarchar(30) null,contact_no int null,salary money not null,designation char(20) not null ) insert into employees(employee_id,name, salary,employee_address, hire_date,postal_code, contact_no) values(1,’Abdul Baseer’,’5,000. 00†²,’AJC Bose Road, Business Tower, 7th Floor,Block A;B,Kolkata-700017†²,’8/5/2008†²,’75200†²,’021-35835956†²) . 3 Query for Table ‘orders’ : create table orders(order_id int not null primary key,number_of_orders int not null,order_date datetime not null,order_time datetime not null,total_cost money not null,customer_id int not null,employee_id int not null,constraint cust_id foreign key(customer_id) references customers(customer_id), constraint emp_id foreign key(employee_id) references employees(employee_id)) insert into orders(order_id,number_of_orders,order_date,order_time,total_cost) values(1,’1†²,’7/20/2010†²,’6:05:00 PM’,’250†²) 5. 4 Query for Table ‘items’ : reate table items(item_id int not nul l primary key,item_type nchar(10) not null,item_name nchar(20) not null,cost money not null) insert into items(item_id,item_name,item_type,cost) values(1,’Chicken ; Corn soup’,’Soup’,’$110. 00†²) 5. 5 Query for Table ‘bills’ : create table bills(receipt_no int not null,items_purchased int not null,total_amount money not null,cash_received money not null,cash_returned money not null) insert intobills(receipt_no,items_purchased,total_amount, cash_received, cash_returned) values(1,’4†²,’$100. 0†²,’$100. 00†²,’$0. 00†²) 5. 6 Query for Table ‘vendors’ : create table vendors(vendor_id int not null primary key,name nchar(10) not null,vendor_status nchar(20) not null 5. 7 Query for Table ‘raw_material’ : create table raw_material(material_id int not null primary key,material_name char(25) not null,material_type char(20) not null,quantity int not null,cost money not null,expirydate datetime not null,stock_date datetime not null,item_id int not null, constraint it_id foreign key(item_id) references items(item_id)) nsert into raw_material(material_id,material_name,expiry_date,material_type, stock_date) values(1,’Ground beef’,’5/16/2013†²,’MEAT’,’7/31/2012†²) 5. 8 Query for Table ‘supplies’ : create table supplies(supply_date datetime not null,supply_time datetime not null,quantity nchar not null,cost money not null,material_id int not null,vendor_id int not null,constraint mt_id foreign key(material_id) references raw_material(material_id),constraint v_id foreign key(vendor_id) references vendors(vendor_id)) insert into supplies(supply_date,supply_time,quantity,cost) alues(‘4/1/2012†²,’11:00:00 AM’,’40’,’$10,000. 00†²) 5. 9 Query for Table ‘order_line’ : create table order_line(quantity int not null,order_id int not nul l,item_id int not null,constraint od_id foreign key(order_id) references orders(order_id),constraint itm_id foreign key(item_id) references items(item_id)) 6. Ms Access Portion: Queries : 6. 1 Receipt query: SELECT Bills. [Receipt number], Bills. [Items purchased], Bills. [Total Amount], Bills. [Cash Received], Bills. [Cash Returned], Bills. [Customer ID], Bills. [A_employee no] FROM Bills WHERE (((Bills. [Customer ID])=[â€Å"Enter Customer ID†])); 6. 2 Employees query: SELECT employees. [Employee ID], employees. Name, employees. Salary, employees. Address, employees. [Hire date], employees. [Postal code], employees. [contact number] FROM employees WHERE (((employees. Salary) Between [â€Å"starting salary†] And [â€Å"Ending Salary†])); 6. 3 Orders of customers query: SELECT customers. [Customer ID] AS [customers_Customer ID], customers. Name, customers. address, customers. [Last visit date], orders. [Order ID], orders. [number of orders], orders. order date], orders. [order time], orders. [Customer ID] AS [orders_Customer ID], orders. [Employee ID] FROM customers INNER JOIN orders ON customers. [Customer ID] = orders. [Customer ID] WHERE (((customers. Name)=[â€Å"Enter name:†])); 6. 4 Items query: SELECT Items. [Item ID], Items. Name, Items. Type, Items. Cost FROM Items WHERE (((Items. Type)=[â€Å"Enter type of item†])); 6. 5 Ord ers query: SELECT orders. [Order ID], orders. [number of orders], orders. [order date], orders. [order time], orders. [Customer ID], orders. [Employee ID] FROM orders WHERE (((orders. order date]) Between [â€Å"Starting date†] And [â€Å"Ending date†])); 6. 6 Invoice query: SELECT Supplies. Cost, Supplies. [Quantity(kg)], Supplies. [Supply date], Supplies. [Supply time], Supplies. [Vendor ID], Supplies. [Material ID], [Quantity(kg)]*[Cost] AS total FROM Supplies; 7. Data Dictionary: 7. 1 Table Employees: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| employee_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nchar| | | Not null| 20| salary| money| | | Not null| | employee_address| nvarchar| | | Null| 30| hire date| datetime| | | Not null| | ostal_code| int| | | Not null| | contact_no| int| | | Null| | designation| nchar| | | Not null| 20| 7. 2 Table customers: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| customer_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nch ar| | | Not null| 20| last_visit_date| int| | | Not null| | Address| varchar| | | Null| 10| 7. 3 Table orders: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| order_id| int| * | | Not null| | number_of_orders| int| | | Not null| | order_date| datetime| | | Not null| | order_time| datetime| | | Not null| | otal_cost| money| | | Not null| | customer_id| int| | * | Not null| | employee_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 4 Table bills: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| receipt_no| int| * | | Not null| | items_purchased| int| | | Not null| | total_amount| money| | | Not null| | cash_received| money| | | Not null| | cash_returned| money| | | Not null| | Customer_ID| int| | * | Not null| | A_employee no| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 5 Table Items: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| item_id| int| * | | Not null| | tem_type| nchar| | | Not null| 10| item_name| nchar| | | Not null| 20| cost| money| | | Not null| | 7. 6 Table r aw materials: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| material_id| Int| * | | Not null| | material_name| char| | | Not null| 25| material_type| char| | | Not null| 20| expirydate| datetime| | | Not null| | stock_date| datetime| | | Not null| | item_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 7 Table vendors: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| vendor_id| int| * | | Not null| | name| nchar| | | Not null| 10| endor_status| nchar| | | Not null| 20| contact_no| int| | | null| | 7. 8 Table supplies: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| supply_date| datetime| | | Not null| | supply_time| datetime| | | Not null| | quantity| nchar| | | Not null| 10| cost| money| | | Not null| | material_id| int| | * | Not null| | vendor_id| int| | * | Not null| | 7. 9 Table orderline: Attributes| Data types| Primary key| Foreign key| Status| Size| quantity| int| | | Not null| | order_id| int| | * | Not null| | item_id| int| | * | Not null| | How to cite To Prepare a Report, Essay examples

Consequences of Cancelling Bilateral-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: We have seen how the current president of the United States of North America is cancelling bilateral and multilateral trade agreements in favour of a protectionist trade policy. Explain what the Consequences of such a policy may have in the mid and long term. Answer: Introduction According to Picciotto (2016), trade agreement comprises a broad range including tax, tariff and trade treaty and investment guarantees. Bilateral agreements are agreed between two countries and multilateral countries are contracted between more than two countries. Presently, the president of North America has proposed to cancel trade agreements in order to protectionist trade policy. The below report present discussion and analysis on same topic. Further, a detail assessment of mid-term and long-term consequences of the decision has been presented in detail. Lastly, the overall impact of the decision has been concluded that necessity of renegotiating the terms of trade is required in order to sustain the economic growth of United States of North America (Aggarwal, 2013). Main Body United States of North America As per Cooper (2014), the US economy is a mixed economy which is highly developed as compared to other countries. It is considered to be the largest economy of the world in terms of its nominal GDP, and it is the second largest with regard to its purchasing power parity (PPP). In 2016, the U.S. GDP was anticipated to be $18.46 trillion (Villareal, 2017). The country has the seventh-highest per capita GDP (nominal) in the world, and it is ranked as a country with the eleventh-highest per capita GDP (PPP). The most used currency in international transactions is the U.S. dollar. It is the world's leading reserve currency which is backed by science and technology. The US government has a high probability to reimburse its debts. The economy has played a central role in various international institutions since World War II. Many countries of the world use US dollar as their official currency, and in many other countries, the currency serves as de facto currency. The largest trading partner s of the country are Mexico, China, Japan, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, South Korea, India, France and Taiwan. The economy is boosted by the availability of plentiful natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity. The country has second highest net estimated value of natural resources which were valued at $45 trillion in 2016 (Komar, 2016). The Americans have the highest household and employee income among other nations. Free Trade Agreement (North- American) According to the words of Moser (2014), free Trade agreement is usually contracted to liberalize the terms and policies of trade and to boost the economic growth of the countries indulged in the agreement. NAFTA which stands for North American Free Trade Agreement is a 3rd country accord agreed by the Canadian, Mexican and US government that come into existence in January 1994. Terms and conditions of NAFTA were regularly adopted by January 2008, the same offered for the abolition of product traffic operated around these 3 countries (Rugman, 2017). Trade liberalization regarding textiles, manufacturing of automobiles, agriculture was the main consideration. The agreement also required to safeguard property and set-up dispute resolution system and via side deals, adopt labour and environmental protection. NAFTA primarily restructured relations of the North American economy, driving an exceptional incorporation among developed economy of US and Canada, Mexico (developing country). As per the words of Lester (2016), NAFTA took pleasure from the bipartisan backing, been negotiated by the George H.W. Bush (President) and further approved it through Congress and adopted by the President Bill Clinton of democracy. It promoted approximately thrice the local trade and investments across the board among the 3 countries also developed considerably. However, NAFTA remained at a constant target in the wider debate on the free trading. Donald J. Trump (President) stated that the agreement had passed job, production and manufacturing in the United States to Mexico. During August 2017 his managementre-opened Canadian and Mexican negotiations with the purpose of restructuring it (Caliendo, 2015). Debate over the cancellation of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements According to the views of Lim (2015), the NAFTA negotiations started in 1991, the objective of these specified countries was the incorporation of Mexico with highly employed and developed US and Canada economy. They believe that the free trading would pass more strong and steady growth in the economy to Mexico, offering opportunities and work for increasing human resource. For US and Canada, Mexico was considered to be a promising new market for abroad selling, and reduced investment in cost location that ensure the U.S. and Canadian competitiveness of companies. Although in 1998 the US finished an agreement of trade with Canada, the integration of Mexico was extraordinary. Challengers of NAFTA take hold of wage-difference with Mexico, having a per-capita income of 30% as compared to US (Nevitte, 2017). Candidate of united state presidential (Ross Perot) put an argument in 1992 that liberalization of trade might result in a giant sucking sound of the jobs of United States escaping al l around the border. Followers such as Bush and Clinton opposed that the deal will do several jobs in a year, at the same time President of Mexico (Salinas de Gortiari) took it as an opportunity in order to modify the economy of Mexico. NAFTA conducted a present age of local and bilateral FTA which means free trade agreements that thrived as the WTO (World Trade Organization) worldwide trade negotiationshave declined. The US presently has free trade agreements which 20 countries, which is further approaching for key regional agreement with Europe and Asia (Koch, 2017). NAFTA also established integration of the provision of environment and labour in the agreements of trade in the United States, and the provisions are becoming comprehensive after FTA. As per the views of Reyes (2014), most of the Economists end up to an agreement that NAFTA has offered several advantages to the economy of North America. Investment of cross-border also flowed with the FDI stock of United States in Mexico rising since the era from $15 billion to reach at $100 billion (Mansfield, 2016). Experts also stated that it is evident that there is complexity to mock the effects of agreement of other factors, inclusive of change in technology, expansion in trade with countries like China and irrelevant development in domestic trade. The debate continued in relation to the legacy of NAFTA on the wages and jobs, with some workforce and company suffering from painful disorders. Consequences of decision on bilateral agreement in mid as well as long-term According to the opinion of Bureau (2016), trade agreements are often regional and usually evolve a small no. of countries. One of the major bilateral agreements which have been negotiated in Western Hemisphere over past twelve year is Canada and United States Agreement (CUSTA). Even other significant bilateral agreements exist which comprise agreement with Mexico. A variety of trade barriers and tariffs were removed between the member countries; however the same had no effect on trade policies with non-participants. It has been assessed by market researchers that Trump is preparing for renegotiation and reevaluation of trade policy in order to upend economic relationship which United State has held for years (Kohl, 2017). Mid-term Impact of cancellation of bilateral agreements: In accordance with Bove (2014), the main consequences for a midterm in case of the bilateral agreement due to the cancellation of policy will be the trade barriers and tariffs which were removed or mitigated while forming these agreements will be no more available. Economic integration and trade liberalization are asked to have a profound effect on major aspects of social life. The cancellation of NAFTA is criticized as worst trade deal ever signed by the US. The main reason behind this agreement is high U.S. trade deficit and loss of jobs to the country. As the economic relations between the member states will be affected significantly by the cancellation of free trade policy. Now Canada will have more strong relation with Mexico, and they will strongly defend to access US market. This contract will make harder to attain and prolong the negotiations. Moreover, an increase in uncertainty relating to the final rules and investment in NAFTA could be limited as the organizations wait to assess the reaction of change in policies. The same will have the negative effect on economic growth as now bilateral agreements will no more exist and increase in trade barriers will exist which will affect US exports. Due to the cancellation of bilateral agreements imposition of taxes would result in increase in prices of many goods and inflation too (Deardorff, 2014). It is not an easy job to assess the impact of new trade barriers due to the cancellation of bilateral trade agreements on restoring jobs in U.S. It is expected by a market analyst that it might be possible that U.S. companies continue to outsource production to other countries at lower labour cost in order to retain international competitiveness. However, in long-term deterioration in trade and investment relationship with U.S. will have a negative effect on the economy. After the cancellation of the bilateral agreement, it is expected that tariff and other trade measures to restrict trade within NAFTA countries could negatively affect US organization in these sectors. Even the foreign subsidiaries of US automakers have approximately an investment of $15 billion plants, property and equipment in Mexico and Canada (Villareal, 2014). Efficient efforts have been made by Trump to transfer the production back to US firms as they have higher labour cost (Elena, 2017). In case the same is n ot succeeded that it could seriously damage their competitiveness in comparison to foreign producers. Long-term Impact of cancellation of bilateral agreements: The main advantage which was attained due to bilateral NAFTA agreements and which will be no more available due to the cancellation of these agreements have been specified below. In other words, it can be said that no surety exists for the existence of this advantages as it depends on the terms of renegotiated trade agreements. Lowered Prices: As lower tariffs usually result in a decrease in import price of products and services. The same leads to decrease the risk of inflation and also allows Federal Reserve to keep interest rate low. However, if the situation remains same for long-term then it might lead to increase in the rate of products as no advantage relating to lower tariff will exist after the cancellation of bilateral agreements. Due to increase in prices, the same will have a significant impact on the quantum of international trade; as it will eventually decrease in the long term and affect the economy of the country. Impact on economic growth: NAFTA has increased U.S. economic growth approximately 0.5 percent a year. The main sectors which have been benefited through same are agriculture automobiles and service industry. Total farm exports have been assessed $39.4 billion in the year 2015 (Mansfield, 2017). However, the significant impact on economic growth has been expected by the economist due to the cancellation of bilateral agreements. The reason behind the same is that the cancellation will have a significant impact on trade and investment within countries in which agreement has been done, and a direct relationship exists between economic growth rate and international trade. Consequences of decision on multilateral agreement in mid as well as long-term Decline in welfare of the country Economists considered NAFTA to be beneficial for the United States. A survey conducted by leading economists in 2012, reported that 95% supported the benefits. In 2015, a study found that the welfare of the country increased by 0.08% as a result of tariff reductions under NAFTA, and the intra-bloc trade of US increased by 41% (Sundaram, 2016). However, the cancellation of such a beneficial policy will definitely affect these figures significantly. Jobs lost- NAFTA helped the U.S. to compete against China and saved U.S. jobs. Now the country will certainly face difficulties to compete for the development of China by losing the majority of the jobs to it. While some jobs were lost to Mexico within NAFTA, the country will lose more jobs with revocation. Impact on trade environment The framework of free trade policy was formulated to create a focused and organized body of evidence regarding the first hypotheses about NAFTA and its impact on the environment. Thus, with the cancellation of such a policy may raise a concern regarding a race between three countries with respect to environmental regulation. This would increase the pressure on the government for increasing their mechanisms for measuring the result of a trade on the policies of environmental protection. Impact on Intellectual property The cancellation of NAFTA would reverse all the changes made on acquiring the intellectual property through free trade between countries. The implementation of North American Free trade policy made considerable changes by restoring copyright to theUS copyright law which foreshadowed theUruguay Round Agreements Actof 1994. Agriculture From the initial negotiation, agriculture was the most controversial topic within the framework of NAFTA. Agriculture still remains the most discussed topic for determining the impacts of NAFTA cancellation. There were no bilateral agreements signed in the field of agriculture. The agreements executed between Canada and U.S. contained important restrictions and tariff quotas on agricultural products. Thus, the free trade was restricted up to a large extent; and the cancellation of the same did not remove any of the tariff quotas. The agricultural sector still remains unaffected by the cancellation. Long-term Negative Impact on US Economy The overall effect of revocation of NAFTA on the economy of U.S. appears to have a relatively modest impact since the trade with Canada and Mexico accounted for a very small percentage of the GDP of the country. However, the agreement led to the reduced cost of worker and adjustment costs. This may create a negative impact on the overall economy. NAFTA added $80 billion to the US economy after its implementation (Anderson, 2016). The U.S. Chamber of Commerce concludes NAFTA for increasing the trade of goods and services in the country. Trade Imbalance- The U.S. had a trade surplus in 2009 with NAFTA of $28.3 billion for service sector and a trade deficit of $94.6 billion in the goods sector in 2010 (Gantz, 2016). According to the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, NAFTA increased agricultural exports of U.S to Mexico and Canada. All these exports will fall as a result, which may lead to trade imbalance of the country. Impact on trade relations with other countries With NAFTA, the positive benefits not only accrued to the US; instead, many other countries also grew with entering free trade agreements. The cancellation of such a policy may also result in negative impacts on those countries as well. This, in turn, may impact the foreign trade relation of US. Canada- with NAFTA, Canada received a positive economic benefit in terms of GDP. Many industries were expected to suffer due to decline in trade; however, entering the free trade agreements lead to the growth of many such industries. Canadian employment rate increased despite downward trend. Thus, one of biggest economic effects of cancellation on U.S. Canada trade was the fall in the agriculture sector in both the countries. In the year 2008, Canadian exports to US and Mexico were $381.3 billion (Caliendo, 2015). The imports in the same year were at $245.1 billion. These figures are expected to fall sharply in both countries. Mexico- Many American jobs were lost to Mexico, since many agricultural plants were moved from US to Mexico. Mexico will suffer a loss in income in the sector of maquiladora sector; which has increased by 15.5% with the implementation of NAFTA (Limo, 2016). Other sectors which benefitted from the free trade agreement in context of share of exports from non-border states will decrease. This will hinder the speedy growth of metropolitan non-border areas. The overall effect of the revocation of MexicoU.S. agricultural agreement is a matter of argument. This is because Mexico did not invest in the necessary infrastructure needed for mitigating competition which led to difficult living conditions for the poor of the non- border areas. All this is expected to increase the tension between two lands Future aspects of NAFTA The deal stays as a target of politics. During 2008, Barack Obama gave a response to the broad trade disbelief on the basis of democracy by ensuring to re-negotiate to comprise strong standard environmental and legal aspects. The problem reappeared in the campaign held in 2016; with Senator Bernie Sanders as well as Donald Trump condemned the impact of losing jobs. Since May 2017, Donald organized better campaigning promising to re-negotiate NAFTA, legally notified Congress that negotiations would be reformed with Mexico and Canada. As the details of negotiations are categorized, the administration of president Trump has stated that it will give consideration on lowering the trade deficit of United States-Mexico, narrowing the requirements of rules, restructuring the dispute resolution system, and upgrading the fact to comprise intellectual property and new digital and online services. As the talks are continued, Trump hasto repeat his danger to remove the United States on the whole. In the midst of the experts of policy, most of the debate has given focal point regarding the mitigation of negative aspects of agreements such as , if by paying compensation to workers who have lost their jobs or offering workers programs of retention to assist them evolution to new industries. Particularly, the expansion of federal TAA which stands for Trade Adjustment Assistance, which will further assist workforce to invest in education and training programs to search for new jobs, can assist control anger engaged in the liberalization of trading. Most of the economists claimed that its present levels of funding are insufficient to deal with the boost the trade-regarding losing the jobs. The presence of these pockets emphasizes our failure of policy in assisting regional and community to adjust from the influence of globalization. Several experts argued for deep incorporation of North America, particularly in locations like border protection, energy and migration reforms. Ultimately, Obama gave stretch to U.S.-ledTPPalong with 11 countries, inclusive of Mexico and Canada. Further, the agreement was signed and approved in in February 2016. 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